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CGI Animation Essentials
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Particle System
A technique in computer graphics to simulate fuzzy phenomena, which are otherwise very hard to reproduce with conventional rendering techniques - examples are fire, smoke, or sparks.
Ambient Occlusion
A shading and rendering technique used to calculate how exposed each point in a scene is to ambient lighting. The more occluded or surrounded by other objects a point is, the darker it is rendered.
Inverse Kinematics
A technique in computer graphics used to calculate the motion of a kinematic chain (a jointed structure like a skeleton) to reach a desired end point.
Alpha Compositing
The process of combining an image with a background to create the appearance of partial or full transparency.
Subsurface Scattering
A mechanism of light transport in which light penetrates the surface of a translucent object, is scattered by interacting with the material, and exits the surface at a different point.
Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR)
An area of computer graphics that focuses on enabling a wide variety of expressive styles for digital art.
Displacement Mapping
A technique in computer graphics for adding geometric detail to a polygon surface by modifying each vertex's position through a displacement map.
Ray Tracing
A rendering technique for generating an image by tracing the path of light as pixels in an image plane and simulating the effects of its encounters with virtual objects.
Bump Mapping
A technique in computer graphics for simulating bumps and wrinkles on the surface of an object without having to model these details.
Shader
A set of software instructions that define the way graphics hardware renders light, shadow, texture, and color during the rendering process.
Polygon Mesh
A collection of vertices, edges, and faces that define the shape of a polyhedral object in 3D computer graphics and solid modeling.
Rendering
The process of generating a photorealistic or non-photorealistic image from a 2D or 3D model by means of computer programs.
Texture Mapping
A method for defining high frequency detail, surface texture, or color information on a 3D model.
Rigging
The process of creating the bone structure of a 3D model to allow the animator to move and pose it in a realistic manner.
Motion Capture
The process of recording the movement of objects or people to animate digital character models.
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