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Animation Vocabulary Basics
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Arcs
A visual path that is perceived by the viewer that elements or characters follow as they move, which gives animations a more natural action and better flow.
Straight Ahead Action and Pose to Pose
Two different animation techniques which are the straight ahead action where frames are drawn consecutively, and the pose to pose action where key frames are drawn first and then the inbetweens are added later.
Storyboard
A sequence of drawings representing the shots planned for a movie or television production.
Solid Drawing
A principle of art that emphasizes the importance of creating images that are solid and recognizably three-dimensional.
Easing In and Out
The gradual acceleration or deceleration of movement in an animation, giving it a more realistic feel.
Exaggeration
A technique that involves overstating certain movements or actions to create a more dramatic visual effect.
Staging
The presentation of an idea so that it is completely and unmistakably clear, whether that idea is an action, a personality, a mood, or a reaction.
Timing
Controls the speed of an action and ensures that events occur neither too quickly nor too slowly.
Breakdown
A secondary key frame that defines the transition between two keyframes, setting the motion's directionality and timing.
Cel Animation
A traditional animation technique where animators create a series of hand-drawn images on transparent sheets (cels), which were later photographed onto film.
Frame Rate
The number of frames displayed per second in an animation. The standard frame rate for animation is 24 frames per second.
Squash and Stretch
A principle of animation that gives the illusion of weight and flexibility to objects.
Anticipation
A technique used to prepare the viewer for an action and to make the action appear more realistic.
Pose
A particular position of a character or element in animation that conveys a clear concept or story beat.
Inbetween
The drawings between the keyframes which help to create the illusion of motion.
Follow Through and Overlapping Action
A principle that considers that parts of a body will continue moving after the character has stopped and that different parts of the body will move at different rates.
Keyframe
A drawing that defines the starting and ending points of any smooth transition in animation.
Tweening
The process of creating intermediate frames between two images to give the appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second image.
Secondary Action
The movement of objects that follow a primary action, adding more dimension to character and object animation.
Straight Line Animation
An animation technique where action sequences are created frame by frame following a linear and direct route.
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