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Animation Vocabulary Basics

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Solid Drawing

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A principle of art that emphasizes the importance of creating images that are solid and recognizably three-dimensional.

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Staging

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The presentation of an idea so that it is completely and unmistakably clear, whether that idea is an action, a personality, a mood, or a reaction.

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Easing In and Out

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The gradual acceleration or deceleration of movement in an animation, giving it a more realistic feel.

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Squash and Stretch

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A principle of animation that gives the illusion of weight and flexibility to objects.

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Straight Line Animation

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An animation technique where action sequences are created frame by frame following a linear and direct route.

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Breakdown

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A secondary key frame that defines the transition between two keyframes, setting the motion's directionality and timing.

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Arcs

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A visual path that is perceived by the viewer that elements or characters follow as they move, which gives animations a more natural action and better flow.

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Exaggeration

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A technique that involves overstating certain movements or actions to create a more dramatic visual effect.

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Keyframe

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A drawing that defines the starting and ending points of any smooth transition in animation.

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Anticipation

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A technique used to prepare the viewer for an action and to make the action appear more realistic.

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Inbetween

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The drawings between the keyframes which help to create the illusion of motion.

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Timing

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Controls the speed of an action and ensures that events occur neither too quickly nor too slowly.

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Follow Through and Overlapping Action

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A principle that considers that parts of a body will continue moving after the character has stopped and that different parts of the body will move at different rates.

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Storyboard

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A sequence of drawings representing the shots planned for a movie or television production.

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Tweening

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The process of creating intermediate frames between two images to give the appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second image.

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Cel Animation

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A traditional animation technique where animators create a series of hand-drawn images on transparent sheets (cels), which were later photographed onto film.

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Secondary Action

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The movement of objects that follow a primary action, adding more dimension to character and object animation.

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Frame Rate

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The number of frames displayed per second in an animation. The standard frame rate for animation is 24 frames per second.

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Straight Ahead Action and Pose to Pose

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Two different animation techniques which are the straight ahead action where frames are drawn consecutively, and the pose to pose action where key frames are drawn first and then the inbetweens are added later.

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Pose

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A particular position of a character or element in animation that conveys a clear concept or story beat.

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