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Printmaking Vocabulary

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Burin

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A sharp engraving tool with a V-shaped point used in the intaglio engraving process to incise lines into a metal plate.

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Carborundum

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An abrasive material used in the collagraph printmaking process, where it's applied to the printing plate to create a textured surface that holds ink.

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Etching

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An intaglio printmaking process where metal plates are coated with a protective ground, then drawn into with needles before being immersed in acid.

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Proof

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An early print taken in the printmaking process to review the development of the image and to check to work before making the final edition.

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Stipple

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A technique of using small dots to simulate varying degrees of solidity or shading.

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Tusche

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A greasy liquid used in lithography for drawing and painting on lithographic stones; it resists water while accepting the ink.

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Lithography

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A printing process based on the principle that oil and water do not mix. The image is drawn on a flat stone or metal plate with a greasy substance, and then ink is applied, sticking only to the drawn design.

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Relief

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A printmaking technique where protruding surface faces of the printing plate or block are inked; recessed areas are ink free.

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Edition

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A set of identical prints, made from the same plate or block, that are numbered and signed by the artist.

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Mezzotint

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An intaglio printmaking process known for producing rich, dark tones and gradients, achieved by systematically roughening a metal plate with a tool called a rocker.

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Baren

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A hand tool used in Japanese woodblock printing to burnish or rub the back of a sheet of paper, picking up ink from the block.

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Hatching

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The use of fine parallel lines drawn closely together, often rapidly, to create the effect of shade or texture in a drawing or etching.

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Plate

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In intaglio printing, the actual piece of metal on which the design has been created and from which the prints are pulled.

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Intaglio

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A printmaking process where the image is incised into a surface, and the incised line or sunken area holds the ink.

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Aquatint

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An intaglio printmaking technique, a variant of etching that provides areas of tone rather than lines.

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Serigraphy

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Also known as screen printing or silkscreen, a printing technique that uses a stencil process and the ink is pushed through a fine screen onto the paper below.

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Brayer

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A hand-held tool used to spread ink evenly on a surface before printing.

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Photoengraving

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A printmaking and photo-mechanical process wherein a chemical etchant is used to etch the image into the metal plate in accordance with the light sensitivity of the material.

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Linocut

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A printmaking technique, a variation of woodcut, where a sheet of linoleum is used for the relief surface.

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Chine-collé

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A printmaking technique in which the image is transferred onto a surface that is bonded to a heavier support during the printing process.

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Bite

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In etching, the depth and texture achieved by leaving the metal plate in the acid, which 'bites' out the exposed areas.

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Collagraph

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A printmaking process involving the creation of a collage of materials on a flat base or plate, which is then inked and run through a press.

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Drypoint

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An intaglio technique where an image is scratched directly onto a plate with a sharp needle, producing a characteristic soft and velvety line.

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Woodcut

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The oldest form of printmaking, a relief process where knives and other tools are used to carve into the surface of a block of wood.

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Impression

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The image created on a surface by the pressure of a printing plate or block during the printmaking process.

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Giclee

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A type of inkjet printing meant to produce a product at a higher quality and with a longer lifespan than a standard desktop inkjet printer.

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Plate Mark

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The indentation made by the edges of a metal or plastic plate during the intaglio printing process.

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Monoprint

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A one-off print made by painting or drawing on a flat, unworked printing surface. The image can only be made once, unlike most printmaking which allows for multiple originals.

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Ground

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A protective coating applied to a metal plate to prepare for etching or engraving. It resists the acid that bites the plate.

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