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Definition: A highly magnetized, rotating neutron star that emits beams of electromagnetic radiation. Formation: Born from the remnants of massive stars following a supernova explosion. Properties: Has extremely regular rotation periods and strong magnetic fields.

Definition: The boundary around a black hole from within which no escape is possible. Formation: Defined by the schwarzschild radius of a black hole. Properties: Marks the point at which the escape velocity equals the speed of light.

Definition: A dense stellar core left behind after a supernova explosion, mostly composed of neutrons. Formation: Created when a star of intermediate mass undergoes a supernova explosion. Properties: Extremely dense with strong magnetic fields and a rapid rotation rate.

Definition: A point at the center of a black hole where gravity crushes mass into an infinitely small space. Formation: The collapse of the core of a massive star into a single point. Properties: Theoretically has infinite density and zero volume.

Definition: Ripples in spacetime caused by the acceleration of massive objects. Formation: Generated during catastrophic events like black hole mergers or supernovae. Properties: Travel at the speed of light and can stretch or compress space as they pass.

Definition: Thermal radiation predicted to be emitted by black holes due to quantum effects. Formation: Arises from particle-antiparticle pairs forming near the event horizon of a black hole. Properties: Allows black holes to lose mass over time, potentially leading to evaporation.

Definition: A disk of gas, dust, and other matter spiraling into a black hole or neutron star. Formation: Created by material falling into the gravitational well of a dense object, conserving angular momentum. Properties: Emits X-rays and other radiation due to friction and heating.

Definition: A powerful and luminous stellar explosion. Formation: Occurs at the end of a massive star's life cycle when it runs out of nuclear fuel. Properties: Can briefly outshine entire galaxies and radiate more energy than our sun will in its entire lifetime.

Definition: A celestial object with gravitational pull so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape it. Formation: Results from the collapse of a massive star once it runs out of nuclear fuel. Properties: Has an event horizon, singularity, and infinitely dense core.