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Spacecrafts Throughout History

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Curiosity Rover

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A car-sized NASA rover exploring Gale Crater on Mars as part of the Mars Science Laboratory mission since 2012.

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Viking 1 and 2

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NASA missions that consisted of an orbiter and a lander aimed at studying Mars and searching for signs of life, operating from 1975 to 1982.

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Juno

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A NASA space probe orbiting Jupiter to understand its composition, gravity field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere.

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Cassini-Huygens

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A collaboration between NASA, ESA, and ASI to send a probe to study Saturn and its moons, including landing the Huygens probe on Titan in 2005.

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Mariner 4

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A NASA spacecraft that completed the first successful flyby of the planet Mars, giving humanity its first close-up views of the Martian surface in 1965.

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Pioneer 10

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A NASA space probe that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter and became the first spacecraft to achieve escape velocity from the Solar System.

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Sputnik 1

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The first artificial Earth satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, initiating the space age.

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Galileo

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A NASA spacecraft mission that studied Jupiter and its moons, revealing the presence of subsurface oceans on some of them.

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Voyager 1

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A NASA space probe launched in 1977 that has become the first human-made object to enter interstellar space.

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New Horizons

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A NASA spacecraft that performed the first flyby of Pluto in 2015 and continues to explore the Kuiper Belt.

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Kepler Space Telescope

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A NASA space observatory launched to discover Earth-like planets orbiting other stars in the Milky Way.

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ISS (International Space Station)

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A habitable artificial satellite and joint project involving NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA, serving as a microgravity research laboratory.

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MESSENGER

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A NASA space probe that orbited Mercury, providing detailed images and data on its surface and atmosphere.

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Apollo 11

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The NASA mission that landed the first humans on the Moon in 1969.

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Hubble Space Telescope

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A space telescope launched in 1990 that has provided some of the most detailed images of distant galaxies and celestial phenomena.

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Rosetta

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An ESA spacecraft that orbited and sent a lander to the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, analyzing its nucleus and environment.

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Spirit and Opportunity

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Twin NASA rovers that were part of the Mars Exploration Rover mission and far exceeded their planned 90-sol (Mars day) missions.

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Chandra X-ray Observatory

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A NASA space telescope sensitive to X-ray emissions from very hot regions of the universe, such as exploded stars and clusters of galaxies.

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InSight

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A NASA Mars lander designed to study the deep interior and seismic activity of the planet Mars.

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Mars Pathfinder

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A mission by NASA that included the successful landing of a base station with a roving probe on Mars in 1997.

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James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

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A space telescope developed by NASA with contributions from ESA and CSA, designed as the scientific successor to Hubble and launched in 2021.

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Hayabusa2

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A Japanese asteroid sample-return mission operated by JAXA, which aimed to return samples from the asteroid Ryugu to Earth.

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Parker Solar Probe

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A NASA spacecraft launched in 2018 to study the Sun's outer atmosphere and solar wind.

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Spitzer Space Telescope

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An infrared space telescope launched in 2003 as part of NASA's Great Observatories program.

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Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)

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A NASA mission that has been orbiting the Moon since 2009, producing a detailed map of its surface.

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