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Spacecrafts Throughout History
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Juno
A NASA space probe orbiting Jupiter to understand its composition, gravity field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere.
Sputnik 1
The first artificial Earth satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, initiating the space age.
MESSENGER
A NASA space probe that orbited Mercury, providing detailed images and data on its surface and atmosphere.
Spirit and Opportunity
Twin NASA rovers that were part of the Mars Exploration Rover mission and far exceeded their planned 90-sol (Mars day) missions.
Curiosity Rover
A car-sized NASA rover exploring Gale Crater on Mars as part of the Mars Science Laboratory mission since 2012.
Apollo 11
The NASA mission that landed the first humans on the Moon in 1969.
Hubble Space Telescope
A space telescope launched in 1990 that has provided some of the most detailed images of distant galaxies and celestial phenomena.
Galileo
A NASA spacecraft mission that studied Jupiter and its moons, revealing the presence of subsurface oceans on some of them.
ISS (International Space Station)
A habitable artificial satellite and joint project involving NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA, serving as a microgravity research laboratory.
Cassini-Huygens
A collaboration between NASA, ESA, and ASI to send a probe to study Saturn and its moons, including landing the Huygens probe on Titan in 2005.
New Horizons
A NASA spacecraft that performed the first flyby of Pluto in 2015 and continues to explore the Kuiper Belt.
Rosetta
An ESA spacecraft that orbited and sent a lander to the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, analyzing its nucleus and environment.
Viking 1 and 2
NASA missions that consisted of an orbiter and a lander aimed at studying Mars and searching for signs of life, operating from 1975 to 1982.
Mariner 4
A NASA spacecraft that completed the first successful flyby of the planet Mars, giving humanity its first close-up views of the Martian surface in 1965.
Pioneer 10
A NASA space probe that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter and became the first spacecraft to achieve escape velocity from the Solar System.
Voyager 1
A NASA space probe launched in 1977 that has become the first human-made object to enter interstellar space.
Kepler Space Telescope
A NASA space observatory launched to discover Earth-like planets orbiting other stars in the Milky Way.
Chandra X-ray Observatory
A NASA space telescope sensitive to X-ray emissions from very hot regions of the universe, such as exploded stars and clusters of galaxies.
Hayabusa2
A Japanese asteroid sample-return mission operated by JAXA, which aimed to return samples from the asteroid Ryugu to Earth.
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
A space telescope developed by NASA with contributions from ESA and CSA, designed as the scientific successor to Hubble and launched in 2021.
Mars Pathfinder
A mission by NASA that included the successful landing of a base station with a roving probe on Mars in 1997.
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)
A NASA mission that has been orbiting the Moon since 2009, producing a detailed map of its surface.
Parker Solar Probe
A NASA spacecraft launched in 2018 to study the Sun's outer atmosphere and solar wind.
Spitzer Space Telescope
An infrared space telescope launched in 2003 as part of NASA's Great Observatories program.
InSight
A NASA Mars lander designed to study the deep interior and seismic activity of the planet Mars.
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