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An extremely luminous star with a mass much greater than the Sun's and a radius up to 1000 times larger. Examples are Betelgeuse and Antares.

A powerful and luminous stellar explosion marking the end of a star's lifetime. Can briefly outshine entire galaxies. Examples: SN 1987A, SN 1054 (Crab Nebula progenitor).

A theoretical stellar remnant that occurs when a white dwarf has sufficiently cooled and no longer emits significant heat or light. None exist currently due to the universe's age.

Substellar objects with masses between the heaviest gas giant planets and the lightest stars. They lack sufficient mass to sustain nuclear fusion. Examples: Luhman 16, Epsilon Indi Ba and Bb.

A star whose brightness as seen from Earth fluctuates. This can be due to intrinsic variability or eclipsing binaries. Examples: Cepheids, RR Lyrae stars.

A class of very young, variable stars less than 10 million years old which are characterized by erratic changes in brightness. They represent a very early stage in the life of a star. Example: T Tauri.

A small, dense remnant of a low or medium mass star that has exhausted its nuclear fuel. No more fusion occurs, and it slowly cools over time. Examples include Sirius B and Procyon B.

A region of space with a gravitational pull so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. Formed from the remnants of very massive stars. Examples include Cygnus X-1, Sagittarius A*.

A hot, massive star with a high luminosity and a blue color, relatively rare due to their short lifespans. Examples include Rigel, Alnilam.

Two stars orbiting around a common center of mass. The stars can be of varying types and distances apart. Examples: Alpha Centauri, Sirius.

A small, cool, very long-lived star on the main sequence that burns its fuel very slowly and has a red tint. Most common type of star in the Milky Way. Example: Proxima Centauri.

One of the most massive and luminous types of stars, very rare and extremely bright with a high rate of mass loss. Examples include UY Scuti, VY Canis Majoris.

A star in the stable phase of its life cycle where it fuses hydrogen to helium in its core. Examples include the Sun, Sirius, and Alpha Centauri.

A compact stellar remnant with extremely high density, composed primarily of neutrons. Usually the result of a supernova explosion. Examples: PSR B1919+21, Crab Pulsar.

A supernova resulting from a white dwarf in a binary system accreting enough mass to reach the Chandrasekhar limit and undergo a thermonuclear explosion. Example: SN 1994D.

A supernova resulting from the rapid collapse and violent explosion of a massive star after fusion has ceased in its core. Example: SN 1987A.

A very young star still in the process of formation, before nuclear fusion begins. Often found in stellar nurseries with a surrounding disk of gas and dust.

A luminous giant star of low or intermediate mass in a late phase of stellar evolution. Expands after hydrogen in the core is exhausted. Example: Aldebaran.

A late-stage massive star expansion resulting in a supergiant with a reddish hue due to a cooler surface temperature. Often precedes a supernova. Example: Betelgeuse.