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Planetary Science Acronyms
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VLT
Very Large Telescope; an array of four individual optical telescopes operated by the European Southern Observatory on Cerro Paranal in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile.
CHEOPS
CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite; a European space telescope whose mission is to study the formation and evolution of exoplanets.
TGO
Trace Gas Orbiter; a project of the ExoMars mission by ESA and Roscosmos to detect and study atmospheric trace gases on Mars, such as methane.
ISRO
Indian Space Research Organisation; the space agency of the Government of India, responsible for space research and planetary exploration.
GRAIL
Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory; a lunar exploration mission by NASA that used high-quality gravitational field mapping of the Moon to determine its interior structure.
ARTEMIS
Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon’s Interaction with the Sun; a NASA program studying the Moon and its interaction with the Sun’s magnetic field.
EXOMARS
Exobiology on Mars; a joint mission between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Russian space agency Roscosmos to search for signs of past life on Mars.
EHT
Event Horizon Telescope; a project aiming to create an Earth-sized virtual telescope to capture images of the event horizon surrounding black holes.
VLA
Very Large Array; a radio astronomy observatory located in New Mexico, consisting of 27 independent antennas.
MESSENGER
MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging; a NASA space probe that orbited Mercury and studied its chemical composition, geology, and magnetic field.
CNSA
China National Space Administration; the national space agency of China responsible for the coordination of space activities for civilian and national security usage.
MRO
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter; a multipurpose spacecraft designed to conduct reconnaissance and exploration of Mars from orbit.
ALMA
Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array; an astronomical interferometer of 66 radio telescopes in the Atacama desert of northern Chile.
OSIRIS-REx
Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer; a NASA asteroid study and sample-return mission launched in 2016 to visit the asteroid Bennu.
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the United States government agency responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research.
IOT
Internet of Things; the network of physical objects—'things'—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the Internet.
NEOWISE
Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer; a NASA infrared-wavelength astronomical space telescope launched in December 2009 to discover and catalog near-Earth objects.
DSCOVR
Deep Space Climate Observatory; a NOAA spacecraft that monitors and provides real-time data on solar wind and space weather which can cause geomagnetic storms.
LCROSS
Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite; a NASA mission to detect water on the Moon by crashing a spacecraft into a permanently shadowed lunar crater.
NGST
Next Generation Space Telescope; the former name for the James Webb Space Telescope, which is designed to be the premier observatory for astronomers worldwide.
PSLV
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle; an expendable medium-lift launch vehicle designed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
JAXA
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; responsible for space and planetary research, satellite launches, and advanced technology development.
LISA
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna; a mission by the European Space Agency designed to detect and accurately measure gravitational waves directly from space.
HST
Hubble Space Telescope; a space-based observatory that has provided some of the most detailed images of distant stars, galaxies, and nebulae.
LRO
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter; a NASA robotic spacecraft currently orbiting the Moon in an eccentric polar mapping orbit.
ESA
European Space Agency; an intergovernmental organization dedicated to the exploration of space, with 22 member states.
SOHO
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory; a spacecraft built by the European Space Agency (ESA) and operated in conjunction with NASA that studies the Sun.
JWST
James Webb Space Telescope; an international collaboration between NASA, ESA, and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) to launch a large infrared telescope into space.
COSPAR
Committee on Space Research; an organization established by the International Council for Science (ICSU) to promote international cooperation in space research.
BRITE
BRIght Target Explorer; a constellation of nanosatellites operated by an international collaboration, which studies the brightest stars in the night sky.
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