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U.S. citizens or resident aliens can exclude up to $108,700 (as of 2021) of foreign earned income for the tax year if they meet certain residency requirements or are physically present in a foreign country for at least 330 full days during any period of 12 consecutive months.$

Reduces double taxation by allowing income tax already paid to a foreign government to be credited against U.S. tax on foreign income. The FTC cannot exceed the amount of U.S. tax attributable to foreign income.

Allows additional exclusion or deduction from gross income for housing costs over a base amount if certain conditions are met. Calculated using the housing cost amount minus the base (16% of the FEIE for that year).

Agreements with various countries to avoid double taxation of income with respect to social security taxes. They help determine which country's social security system covers the taxpayer.

Required if the total value of the individual's foreign financial accounts exceeds $10,000 at any time during the calendar year. Filed separately from the tax return and goes to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN).$

U.S. taxpayers holding foreign financial assets with an aggregate value exceeding $50,000 must report these assets on Form 8938 with their tax returns.$

The U.S. may tax distributions from and sometimes even the growth within a foreign pension or retirement accounts. Reporting is complex and often requires help from a tax professional.

U.S. citizens or resident aliens living abroad who are self-employed are generally subject to self-employment tax on their foreign earnings.

Some U.S. states still require expats to file state income taxes, depending on the individual's intent to return and various domiciliary factors.

U.S. persons with interest in or authority over foreign partnerships, corporations, or other entities may have to file additional forms such as Form 8865 or Form 5471, respectively.

The automatic two-month extension for taxpayers living outside the U.S. moves the filing deadline to June 15. Further extensions can be requested with Form 4868, extending the deadline to October 15.

Civilian contractors working in designated combat zones may qualify for the same income exclusions as military personnel, which includes the FEIE.

The U.S. has tax treaties with many countries that can affect taxation of income and provide relief from double taxation, exclusions, or deductions not otherwise available.

U.S. citizens and resident aliens are subject to estate and gift tax on worldwide property. However, tax treaties and the unified credit against estate tax may provide relief.