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Containers in the Cloud

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ConfigMap

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An API object in Kubernetes used to store non-confidential data in key-value pairs. Pods can consume ConfigMaps as environment variables, command-line arguments, or configuration files. Cloud services ensure ConfigMaps are available and consistent across multiple environments.

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Volume Snapshots

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Volume Snapshots are a feature of Kubernetes that allow users to create a snapshot of the state of a Volume at a particular point in time. Cloud providers enable Volume Snapshots as part of their persistent storage offering, allowing backups and restoration for stateful workloads.

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OpenShift

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A family of containerization software developed by Red Hat, it's a cloud development Platform as a Service (PaaS). Offers an integrated development environment (IDE) for building and scaling applications. Integrated with AWS and Azure for hybrid cloud strategies.

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Pod

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The smallest deployable units of computing that can be created and managed in Kubernetes. A Pod encapsulates one or more containers. Cloud-native services like EKS and AKS manage Pods as part of their Kubernetes offerings.

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Ingress

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An API object in Kubernetes that provides HTTP and HTTPS routing to services, typically via an Ingress controller. Cloud providers offer managed Ingress controllers that integrate with their own load balancers and networking infrastructures, like AWS ALB and Azure Application Gateway.

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Microservices

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An architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services, which can be deployed and scaled independently. Containers are natural hosts for microservices, and cloud platforms provide services to manage complex microservice architectures.

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Persistent Volume

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A network-attached storage resource in a Kubernetes environment that provides a file system to which containers can attach for storage. Cloud providers offer persistent block storage services, such as AWS EBS, Azure Disks, and Google Persistent Disks, for use with containerized applications.

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Container Orchestration

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The automated arrangement, coordination, and management of computer systems, applications, and services in a containerized environment. Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, and Mesosphere are popular tools for orchestration, with cloud integration options available.

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Service Mesh

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A dedicated infrastructure layer for handling service-to-service communication in microservices architectures, mostly implemented using sidecars within Kubernetes. Examples include Istio and Linkerd, which are cloud agnostic and can be integrated with any cloud-based Kubernetes service.

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Container Networking

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A set of rules, practices, and tools that outline the connectivity of containers on the network. Cloud-native networking solutions like the Amazon VPC CNI, Azure CNI, and Calico provide seamless network integration for containers running in cloud environments.

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Secret

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An API object in Kubernetes that lets you store and manage sensitive information, such as passwords, OAuth tokens, and ssh keys. Cloud providers often offer secret management services like AWS Secrets Manager or Azure Key Vault for enhanced security.

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Cluster Autoscaler

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A component that automatically adjusts the size of a Kubernetes Cluster so that all pods have a place to run and there are no unneeded nodes. Integrates with cloud providers' infrastructure API to manage the scaling of node groups.

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Taints and Tolerations

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Taints allow a node to repel a set of pods. Tolerations are applied to pods and allow them to bypass the node's taint. This plays a crucial role in cluster management and pod scheduling in cloud-based Kubernetes environments.

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Kubernetes

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An open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. Major cloud providers offer Kubernetes services, such as Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE), Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS), and Amazon EKS.

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ContainerD

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An industry-standard container runtime with an emphasis on simplicity and robustness. Used in high-level container orchestration and integrates with cloud-based Kubernetes services, enabling simplified container management in the cloud.

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Container Registry

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A service for storing and sharing container images. Cloud providers like Docker Hub, AWS Elastic Container Registry (ECR), and Google Container Registry (GCR) offer these as part of their cloud services.

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OCI Specifications

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The Open Container Initiative (OCI) establishes standard specifications for container runtimes and images, ensuring interoperability and consistency across different cloud environments and platforms.

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Job and CronJob

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In Kubernetes, a Job creates one or more pods and will continue to retry execution of the pods until a specified number of them successfully terminate. A CronJob, meanwhile, creates Jobs on a time-based schedule. This is essential for batch tasks in cloud environments.

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CRI-O

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A lightweight, Kubernetes-native container runtime interface that enables OCI compatible runtimes. It is integrated with cloud Kubernetes services to provide a seamless deployment and management experience of containers within Kubernetes.

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Helm

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A package manager for Kubernetes that simplifies the deployment of applications and services to a Kubernetes cluster. Helm Charts help define, install, and upgrade even the most complex Kubernetes applications, with support from cloud environments such as AWS, Azure, and GCP.

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Horizontal Pod Autoscaler

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A Kubernetes API resource that automatically scales the number of Pods in a replication controller, deployment, or replica set based on observed CPU utilization. Cloud providers integrate this feature into their Kubernetes services to automatically scale applications.

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Docker Compose

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A tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications. With Compose, you use a YAML file to configure your application's services. It integrates seamlessly with cloud services through Docker in Cloud environments like AWS and Azure.

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DaemonSet

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A Kubernetes workload API object that ensures all (or some) Nodes run a copy of a Pod. Common use is to run system daemons, and cloud providers ensure that these daemons are spread across nodes in cloud-based Kubernetes clusters.

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Resource Quotas

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A Kubernetes feature enabling operators to provide constraints on resource consumption per namespace, such as CPU, memory, and storage limits. Cloud providers ensure that these quotas are enforced to prevent overutilization of shared resources.

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RBAC

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Role-Based Access Control - A method of regulating access to computer or network resources based on the roles of individual users within an enterprise. Kubernetes RBAC is crucial for security in the cloud, with cloud providers having their own IAM services for role-based access.

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StatefulSets

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A Kubernetes workload API object used to manage stateful applications. Unlike Deployment, it provides guarantees about the ordering and uniqueness of these Pods. Works with cloud provider's persistent storage to maintain state across pod (re)scheduling.

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Docker

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An open platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in isolated environments known as containers. Integrates with cloud services like AWS ECS and Azure Container Instances to manage and scale containerized applications.

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Network Policies

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A Kubernetes resource that controls the traffic between Pods and/or network endpoints. Cloud providers implement CNI plugins to enable and enforce network policies within a cloud-hosted Kubernetes environment.

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Affinity and Anti-affinity

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Scheduling techniques in Kubernetes to attract or repel a set of pods from certain nodes. They help ensure high availability and resiliency by distributing pods across zones or nodes - a principle well-supported by cloud service providers.

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