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Specification: An asymmetric cryptographic algorithm based on the factoring of the product of two large prime numbers, which is used for secure data transmission. Use-case: RSA is widely used in secure communications, such as SSL/TLS for internet security and for encrypting email.

Specification: A symmetric-key block cipher, designed for speed and designed to replace DES. It uses a variable key length from 32 to 448 bits. Use-case: Ideal for applications where the key does not change often, such as encrypting data on disk or VPNs.

Specification: An encryption algorithm that applies the DES cipher three times to each data block, using two or three keys. Use-case: 3DES is used to increase the security of DES by essentially encrypting three times, making it suitable for securing financial transactions.

Specification: A method of securely exchanging cryptographic keys over a public channel. Use-case: Diffie-Hellman is often used in protocols such as SSH, HTTPS, and IPSec to establish a shared secret for secure communication.

Specification: An outdated symmetric key method of data encryption that uses a 56-bit key. Use-case: DES was once widely used in various types of encryption such as ATM PINs and computer passwords but is now considered insecure for most purposes.

Specification: Symmetric key encryption standard used worldwide, typically employing 128, 192, or 256-bit keys. Use-case: AES is commonly used for securing sensitive but unclassified material by U.S. Government agencies and, as a result, is a worldwide encryption standard for securing data.

Specification: A symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes up to 256 bits. It is related to the earlier Blowfish algorithm. Use-case: Intended as a replacement for DES or AES, it is used in a variety of software and hardware products.