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A property of systems in which several computations are executing simultaneously and potentially interacting with each other.

A system where each processor has its own private memory and computation is performed asynchronously across different nodes.

A computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer. The performance is typically measured in FLOPS (Floating Point Operations Per Second).

A form of parallelization where the focus is on distributing tasks—conceptually separate pieces of work—across processors.

A synchronization primitive that can be used to control access to a common resource in a concurrent system.

Intel's proprietary simultaneous multithreading implementation used to improve parallelization of computations performed on x86 microprocessors.

A memory accessible by all the processors in a multi-processor system.

The process of distributing a set of tasks over a set of resources, with the goal of making their overall processing more efficient.

A law that more accurately reflects the nature of computing tasks as being scalable; it suggests that as problem size grows, the parallel portion increases.

The coordination of concurrent computational processes to complete tasks in a proper sequence and without conflict.

A set of loosely or tightly connected computers that work together so that they can be viewed as a single system.

In distributed or parallel computing, a node is a single computing device within a larger system.

A parallel computing platform and application programming interface (API) model created by Nvidia.

A programming model for processing and generating large data sets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on a cluster.

A measure of the improvement in speed of execution of a task executed on two similar architectures with different resources.

A formula that shows the potential speedup of a task using multiple processors relative to a single processor, considering the portion of the task that can be parallelized.

A form of distributed computing wherein a 'virtual supercomputer' is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely-coupled computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks.

A small chip that resides in computers and other electronic devices; its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output.

A flaw that occurs when the timing or order of events affects a program's correctness.

A situation in concurrent computing where two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release resources.

A form of parallel computing where the focus is on distributing data across different nodes, which operate on the data in parallel.

A field of computer science that studies distributed systems. A distributed system is a model in which components located on networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages.

An application programming interface (API) that supports multi-platform shared-memory multiprocessing programming.

A standardized and portable message-passing system designed to function on parallel computing architectures.

A technique by which a single set of code can be used by several processors at different stages of execution.

The use of a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to do general purpose scientific and engineering computing.

The capability of a system, network, or process to handle a growing amount of work, or its potential to be enlarged to accommodate that growth.

A synchronization mechanism for enforcing limits on access to a resource in an environment where there are many threads of execution.

A type of computation in which many calculations or processes are carried out simultaneously.