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Parallel Computer Architectures

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SIMD

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Single Instruction stream, Multiple Data streams: Executes one instruction on multiple data points simultaneously.

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Massively Parallel Processor (MPP)

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A computer system with many independent processors working on different parts of a computation in parallel.

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Grid Computing

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A form of distributed computing where resources are not centralized and can be geographically dispersed.

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Many Integrated Core (MIC)

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A coprocessor containing a large number of simple, tightly coupled cores.

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Superscalar Architecture

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Processor design that allows for the execution of multiple instructions during a single clock cycle by providing multiple execution units.

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MISD

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Multiple Instruction streams, Single Data stream: Multiple instructions operate on the same data point.

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SMP

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Symmetric Multiprocessing: Multiple processors share a single, uniform memory address space.

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MIMD

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Multiple Instruction streams, Multiple Data streams: Different processors execute different instructions on different pieces of data.

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Cluster Computing

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A set of loosely or tightly connected computers that work together as a single system.

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Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW)

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Processors designed to take advantage of instruction-level parallelism by executing multiple operations in a single long instruction word.

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SISD

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Single Instruction stream, Single Data stream: Traditional sequential computer architecture.

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NUMA

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Non-Uniform Memory Access: Memory access time depends on the memory location relative to a processor.

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Vector Processing

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A type of computing where instructions operate on one-dimensional arrays of data, called vectors, rather than single data items.

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Dataflow Architecture

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Based on the concept of dataflow programming, where program instructions are only executed when the data is available, rather than in a sequential order.

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Hyper-threading

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Intel's proprietary simultaneous multithreading technology that allows a single physical processor core to behave like two logical processors to the operating system, allowing for better utilization of CPU resources.

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