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Napping is the process of raising fibers on the surface of fabric to create a soft and fuzzy texture.

Shearing involves cutting the surface fibers of a fabric to a uniform height to create a smooth, even surface.

Bleaching is the chemical treatment applied to fabrics to remove natural color and whiten the textile.

Desizing involves removing the size material from the fabric which was applied during weaving to strengthen the yarn.

Carbonizing is the process of removing vegetable matter from wool by treating it with sulfuric acid.

Calendering is a finishing process that smooths and enhances the shine of fabric through the use of heated rollers under pressure.

Fulling is a finishing process that involves the controlled shrinkage of woolen cloth to make it denser and felted, improving its strength and durability.

Sueding, also known as sanding or emerizing, is a process used to create a suede-like surface on fabric by abrading with abrasive paper or rollers.

Singeing is the process of removing the surface fibers from fabric to produce a smooth finish.

Sanforizing is a mechanical finishing process that pre-shrinks fabric to a controlled extent, ensuring that the final textile product retains its shape after laundering.

Heat setting stabilizes the dimensions and shape of synthetic fiber textiles by heating them to a specific temperature.

Mercerizing is a treatment for cotton fabric and yarn that improves dye uptake and tear strength, reduces fabric shrinkage, and imparts a silk-like luster.

Scouring is a cleansing process to remove natural waxes, pectins, fats, and oils from fibers, enhancing their absorbency.

Water repellent finishing is the application of a chemical finish to textiles to make them resistant to water, while still allowing perspiration to pass through.