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Manufacturing process: Spunbonding involves extruding molten polymer, forming filaments, and laying them randomly on a conveyor belt to bond by heat or pressure. Applications: Medical gowns, landscape fabrics, and disposable diapers.

Manufacturing process: Spunlace nonwoven fabric is made by hydroentangling fibers to provide strength without bonding agents. Applications: Cosmetic wipes, household towels, and industrial wipers.

Manufacturing process: Needle-punching mechanically entangles fibers by repeatedly pushing barbed needles into a fibrous web. Applications: Geotextiles, felts, and automotive interiors.

Manufacturing process: Meltblowing involves extruding a polymer melt to form fine fibers, which are then collected on a screen or drum. Applications: Filter media, face masks, and absorbent products.

Manufacturing process: Thermal-bonding uses heat to bond thermally fusible fibers in a nonwoven web. Applications: Mattress padding, insulation materials, and interlinings.

Manufacturing process: Stitch-bonding involves mechanically bonding a fibrous web with stitching yarns to enhance tensile strength. Applications: Shoe linings, blinds, and construction materials.

Manufacturing process: Producing nanofiber nonwovens typically involves electrospinning, where a high voltage is used to create nanometer-scale fibers. Applications: Filtration, wound dressings, and protective clothing.

Manufacturing process: Air-laid involves dispersing fibers in an airstream and then laying them onto a moving screen to form a nonwoven fabric. Applications: Napkins, tablecloths, and absorbent pads.

Manufacturing process: Drapable nonwovens are produced with specific fiber orientation and bonding patterns for enhanced drape characteristics. Applications: Medical drapes, apparel interfacing, and decorative fabrics.

Manufacturing process: Hydroentangled, also known as spunlacing, uses high-velocity water jets to entangle fibers, forming a cohesive fabric. Applications: Facial wipes, medical gowns, and cleaning cloths.

Manufacturing process: The carding process forms a web by disentangling, cleaning, and intermixing fibers, which are then bonded. Applications: Insulating materials, batting, and filter fabrics.

Manufacturing process: Composite nonwovens combine two or more different nonwoven or woven fabrics, typically with a bonding agent or by thermal methods. Applications: Laminates, medical fabrics, and construction materials.

Manufacturing process: Chemical bonding involves applying a binder to a web of fibers, followed by curing to bond the fibers. Applications: Wipes, filters, and battery separators.

Manufacturing process: Wet-laid process forms a web of fibers from a water-based slurry and then bonds the fibers, often by resin. Applications: Wipes, tea bags, and specialty papers.