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A system where a company takes back its end-of-life product from consumers for recycling or disposal, often providing a benefit such as a discount on future purchases.

A design philosophy that aims to reduce or eliminate fabric waste during the garment production process through patternmaking techniques that utilize the entire width of the fabric.

Materials that are sourced and produced with minimal environmental impact, often using renewable resources and designed to be biodegradable or easily recyclable at the end of their life.

An approach to fashion which focuses on designing, producing, and consuming garments for quality and longevity. It encourages slower production schedules, fair wages, lower carbon footprints, and (ideally) zero waste.

The process of converting old or discarded materials into something useful and often beautiful, giving the materials a second life and function.

An economic model based on sharing, swapping, leasing or renting clothes, accessories, and shoes, which extends the lifecycle of products and reduces the demand for new resources.

A recycling process where a product is returned to its original form or purpose without significant degradation of material quality.

A business model where a company retains ownership of the product while consumers pay for its use. For example, leasing jeans instead of buying them outright.

The process of recycling a product into another with lower quality and reduced functionality, usually due to the degradation of the original materials.

An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources through reusing, repairing, refurbishing, and recycling existing materials and products.

A policy approach under which producers are given a significant responsibility – financial and/or physical – for the treatment or disposal of post-consumer products.