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Key Terms in Fashion Retail

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Omnichannel Retailing

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A multi-channel approach to sales that seeks to provide the customer with a seamless shopping experience, whether the customer is shopping online from a desktop or mobile device, by telephone, or in a brick-and-mortar store. This is significant in fashion for integrating different shopping methods to improve overall consumer satisfaction and loyalty.

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Private Label

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Products that are manufactured by one company for sale under another company's brand. In fashion, many retailers sell private label items to differentiate themselves and improve profit margins.

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Merchandising

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The strategic promotion and sale of goods at a retail outlet, including product display and pricing to maximize sales. In fashion, this involves selecting the range of clothes and accessories to meet consumer demands.

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Visual Merchandising

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The practice of developing floor plans and three-dimensional displays in order to maximize sales. In fashion retail, this means creating display that attracts customers and enhances the aesthetic appeal of the products.

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SKU (Stock Keeping Unit)

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A unique identifier for each distinct product and service that can be purchased. In fashion retail, it helps in managing inventory, tracking stock levels, and sales analysis.

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Point of Sale (POS)

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The place where a retail transaction is completed. In fashion retail, POS systems are crucial for processing sales, managing inventory, and gathering customer data.

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Shrinkage

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The loss of inventory that can be attributed to factors such as employee theft, shoplifting, administrative errors, and vendor fraud. In fashion retail, shrinkage reduces profit margins and inventory accuracy.

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Drop Shipping

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A retail fulfillment method where a store doesn't keep the products it sells in-stock. Instead, when a store sells a product using the drop shipping model, it purchases the item from a third party and has it shipped directly to the customer. In fashion, this allows retailers to offer a wide range of products without holding inventory.

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Cross Merchandising

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The retail practice of displaying products from different categories together, in order to generate additional revenue. In fashion, this could mean displaying accessories with clothing to encourage additional purchases.

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B2B (Business to Business)

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A form of transaction between businesses, such as one involving a manufacturer and wholesaler, or a wholesaler and a retailer. In fashion, B2B often involves transactions between designers, manufacturers, and retailers.

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Seasonality

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Refers to the fluctuations in demand for certain fashion items that are affected by the time of the year. Fashion retailers must consider this to stock seasonal items and to clear out-of-season merchandise.

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Consumer Segmentation

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The practice of dividing a customer base into groups of individuals that are similar in specific ways relevant to marketing, such as age, gender, interests, and spending habits. In fashion retail, segmentation is used to tailor marketing efforts and product ranges to target demographics.

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Fast Fashion

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A term used to describe clothing designs that move quickly from the catwalk to stores to meet new trends. The approach emphasizes optimizing certain aspects of the supply chain for quick response to changing fashion trends, which often implies lower quality and competitive pricing.

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Fashion Cycle

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The ongoing process of fashion styles evolving from emerging to peak to decline and eventually obsolescence. The fashion cycle influences buying and merchandising decisions in fashion retail.

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Inventory Turnover

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A measure of how many times inventory is sold and replaced over a period. In fashion, a high turnover rate could indicate strong sales or ineffective buying if coupled with stock outs.

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Deadstock

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Inventory that has never been sold to or used by consumers, and is not expected to be sold in the future. In fashion retail, deadstock represents capital tied up in products that are not contributing to revenue.

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Sell-Through Rate

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The percentage of inventory sold during a specific period. It's a measure of the effectiveness of a retailer's inventory management. In fashion, a high sell-through rate indicates good inventory matching with consumer demand.

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Pop-Up Retail

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A trend of opening short-term sales spaces. For fashion retailers, pop-up shops can create a unique environment that engages customers and generates a feeling of urgency to buy due to the limited time nature.

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Markdowns

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A reduction in the selling price of an item. Fashion retailers use markdowns to clear out unsold merchandise, to make way for new inventory, or as a response to market demand and overstock.

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RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification)

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The use of radio waves to read and capture information stored on a tag attached to an object. In fashion retail, RFID tags are used for inventory management, loss prevention, and enhancing the customer shopping experience.

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