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Musculoskeletal System Disorders

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Gout

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Symptoms: Intense joint pain, redness, and swelling, often in the big toe. Treatment: NSAIDs, colchicine, allopurinol. Nursing Interventions: Education on dietary restrictions, monitor for signs of flare-ups, pain management.

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Strains

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Symptoms: Pain, muscle spasm, muscle weakness, swelling. Treatment: RICE therapy, NSAIDs, muscle relaxants. Nursing Interventions: Educate on RICE, promote gradual return to activity, support the injured muscle.

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Osteoarthritis

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Symptoms: Joint pain, stiffness, loss of flexibility. Treatment: NSAIDs, physical therapy, joint replacement surgery. Nursing Interventions: Pain management, improving mobility, patient education on joint protection.

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Bursitis

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Symptoms: Joint pain, swelling, warmth and redness over a joint. Treatment: Rest, ice, NSAIDs, corticosteroid injections. Nursing Interventions: Protect the affected joint, apply cold therapy, educate on activity modification.

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Osteoporosis

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Symptoms: Back pain, loss of height, stooped posture. Treatment: Bisphosphonates, calcium and vitamin D supplements, weight-bearing exercises. Nursing Interventions: Fall prevention strategies, calcium intake education, monitoring bone density.

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Rotator Cuff Tear

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Symptoms: Severe shoulder pain, weakness, decreased range of motion. Treatment: Rest, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, surgery. Nursing Interventions: Pain management, assist with exercises, educate on activity modification.

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Osteomyelitis

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Symptoms: Bone pain, fever, chills, swelling around the affected area. Treatment: Antibiotics, surgery to remove dead bone tissue, hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Nursing Interventions: Monitor for signs of infection, manage pain, wound care.

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Paget's Disease of Bone

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Symptoms: Bone pain, bone deformities, fractures, hearing loss. Treatment: Bisphosphonates, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, surgery for complications. Nursing Interventions: Monitor for complications, educate on treatment, pain management.

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Ankylosing Spondylitis

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Symptoms: Chronic back pain and stiffness, buttock pain, morning stiffness. Treatment: NSAIDs, TNF inhibitors, physical therapy, surgery in severe cases. Nursing Interventions: Educate on posture exercises, pain management, monitor for respiratory complications.

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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

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Symptoms: Numbness, tingling in the hand and arm, weakness in grip. Treatment: Wrist splinting, NSAIDs, corticosteroid injections, surgery. Nursing Interventions: Educate on ergonomic positions, perform neural gliding exercises, pain management.

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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

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Symptoms: Muscle weakness in the lower limbs, difficulty standing up, a waddling gait. Treatment: Corticosteroids, physical therapy, respiratory support, cardiac care. Nursing Interventions: Help maintain mobility, monitor cardiac and respiratory function, support family coping.

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Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)

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Symptoms: Stiffness and restricted movement in the shoulder, pain, difficulty with activities of daily living. Treatment: Pain relief, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections, surgery. Nursing Interventions: Encourage movement within pain limits, pain management, support compliance with therapy.

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Amputation

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Symptoms: Loss of a limb or part of a limb. Treatment: Surgical removal, physical rehabilitation, prosthetic training. Nursing Interventions: Pre-operative and post-operative care, phantom limb pain management, emotional support.

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Compartment Syndrome

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Symptoms: Severe pain, paresthesia, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness. Treatment: Fasciotomy, decompression, physical therapy post-surgery. Nursing Interventions: Monitor compartment pressures, assess for neurovascular compromise, pain management.

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Fractures

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Symptoms: Pain, swelling, deformity, loss of function. Treatment: Reduction, immobilization, surgery if necessary. Nursing Interventions: Pain management, monitor for compartment syndrome, educate on immobilization care.

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Fibromyalgia

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Symptoms: Widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues. Treatment: Medications like antidepressants, pain relievers, physical therapy, counseling. Nursing Interventions: Pain management, support coping strategies, sleep hygiene education.

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Kyphosis

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Symptoms: Abnormal forward curvature of the spine, back pain, stiffness. Treatment: Physical therapy, pain relievers, bracing, surgery for severe cases. Nursing Interventions: Assess posture and pain level, educate on spinal exercises, support brace fitting and use.

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Bone Cancer

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Symptoms: Bone pain, swelling, fractures, fatigue. Treatment: Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, surgery. Nursing Interventions: Pain management, monitor for side effects of treatments, psychological support.

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Torticollis

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Symptoms: Head tilt, neck pain, stiffness, asymmetrical head or neck positioning. Treatment: Stretching exercises, physical therapy, botox injections, surgery for severe cases. Nursing Interventions: Encourage compliance with therapy, pain management, educate on home exercises.

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Bone TB (Tuberculosis of the Bone)

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Symptoms: Bone pain, swelling, stiffness, and possible draining sinuses. Treatment: Long-term antibiotics, surgery to debride affected bone, joint immobilization. Nursing Interventions: Monitor for signs of infection, educate on medication adherence, wound care.

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Lordosis

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Symptoms: Inward curvature of the lower back, noticeable swayback, lower back pain. Treatment: Weight loss, physical therapy, bracing, surgery if necessary. Nursing Interventions: Educate on core strengthening exercises, evaluate gait, pain management.

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Dislocations

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Symptoms: Visible deformity, pain, swelling, limited movement. Treatment: Reduction, immobilization, surgery if chronic. Nursing Interventions: Pain management, educate on immobilization care, monitor neurovascular status.

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Scoliosis

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Symptoms: Sideways curvature of the spine, uneven shoulders or hips, back pain. Treatment: Bracing, physical therapy, surgery for severe cases. Nursing Interventions: Monitor progression of curvature, support brace compliance, educate on spinal health.

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Muscular Dystrophies

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Symptoms: Progressive muscle weakness, frequent falls, trouble walking. Treatment: No cure, physical therapy, corticosteroids, assistive devices. Nursing Interventions: Mobility support, monitor respiratory function, promote independence and family education.

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Plantar Fasciitis

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Symptoms: Sharp heel pain, pain after periods of inactivity, pain after exercise. Treatment: Rest, stretching exercises, orthotics, physical therapy. Nursing Interventions: Educate on stretching techniques, provide heel pain management strategies, teach proper footwear habits.

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Marfan Syndrome

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Symptoms: Tall, thin build, long arms, legs, fingers, flexible joints, heart defects. Treatment: No cure, regular monitoring for cardiovascular complications, surgery for aortic enlargement. Nursing Interventions: Monitor cardiovascular status, support during long-term care, genetic counseling.

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Myasthenia Gravis

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Symptoms: Muscle weakness that improves with rest, difficulty swallowing, double vision, drooping eyelids. Treatment: Anticholinesterase medications, immunosuppressants, plasma exchange, thymectomy. Nursing Interventions: Monitor respiratory status, educate on energy-conserving techniques, swallow safety.

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Osteogenesis Imperfecta

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Symptoms: Frequent fractures, blue sclerae, short stature, hearing loss. Treatment: No cure, physical therapy, medications, and sometimes surgery to insert rods into bones. Nursing Interventions: Fracture care, promote safety to prevent injuries, support family and patient coping.

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Tendonitis

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Symptoms: Pain, tenderness, and mild swelling around a joint. Treatment: Rest, ice, compression, NSAIDs, physical therapy. Nursing Interventions: Educate on activity modification, apply cold therapy, encourage rest periods.

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Lumbar Herniated Disc

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Symptoms: Lower back pain, sciatica, numbness or weakness in legs. Treatment: Pain relievers, corticosteroid injections, physical therapy, surgery. Nursing Interventions: Educate on proper body mechanics, pain management, support during mobility.

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Sarcopenia

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Symptoms: Progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, difficulty standing, walking, and lifting objects. Treatment: Resistance training, nutritional supplementation, balance exercises. Nursing Interventions: Encourage physical activity, nutritional advice, fall prevention strategies.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Symptoms: Tender, warm, swollen joints, morning stiffness, fatigue. Treatment: DMARDs, corticosteroids, biological agents. Nursing Interventions: Manage pain, educate on joint protection, monitor side effects of medication.

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Sprains

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Symptoms: Pain, swelling, bruising, limited joint movement. Treatment: RICE therapy (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation), NSAIDs, physical therapy. Nursing Interventions: Educate on RICE, prevent further injury, pain management.

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Arthroscopy

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Symptoms: Diagnosed joint issues, injury or damage within a joint. Treatment: Minimally invasive surgery, physical therapy, activity modification. Nursing Interventions: Pre-operative and post-operative care, educate on recovery process, pain management.

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Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

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Symptoms: Severe burning pain, skin color changes, temperature sensitivity, swelling. Treatment: Pain management with medications, physical therapy, sympathetic nerve blocks, psychological support. Nursing Interventions: Pain assessment, assist with ADLs, emotional support.

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Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

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Symptoms: Joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, tissue fragility. Treatment: No cure, physical therapy, bracing, close monitoring for complications. Nursing Interventions: Educate on joint protection, wound care, support genetic counseling.

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Spinal Muscular Atrophy

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Symptoms: Muscle weakness, decreased muscle tone, difficulty moving, respiratory issues. Treatment: Genetic therapies, supportive care, respiratory therapy, nutritional support. Nursing Interventions: Assist with physical mobility, monitor breathing function, family support.

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