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Respiratory System Disorders

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Asthma

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Symptoms: Wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness. Treatment: Inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators. Nursing Interventions: Monitor respiratory status, encourage controlled breathing techniques, educate on trigger avoidance.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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Symptoms: Chronic cough, sputum production, dyspnea. Treatment: Bronchodilators, corticosteroids, oxygen therapy. Nursing Interventions: Monitor oxygen saturation, breathing exercises, smoking cessation education.

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Bronchiolitis

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Symptoms: Runny nose, wheezing, coughing. Treatment: Supportive care, hydration, oxygen therapy if needed. Nursing Interventions: Monitor vital signs, assess for respiratory distress, educate parents on home care.

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Cystic Fibrosis

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Symptoms: Persistent cough, frequent lung infections, wheezing. Treatment: Airway clearance therapies, pancreatic enzyme supplements, CFTR modulators. Nursing Interventions: Assess respiratory function regularly, provide nutritional support, promote airway clearance.

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Pulmonary Edema

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Symptoms: Difficulty breathing, pink frothy sputum, orthopnea. Treatment: Diuretics, oxygen therapy, vasodilators. Nursing Interventions: Monitor cardiovascular and respiratory status, upright positioning, oxygen saturation monitoring.

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Lung Cancer

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Symptoms: Persistent cough, hemoptysis, chest pain. Treatment: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy. Nursing Interventions: Pain management, assist with breathing exercises, provide smoking cessation resources.

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Tuberculosis (TB)

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Symptoms: Persistent cough, blood-tinged sputum, night sweats. Treatment: Long-term antibiotics, directly observed therapy (DOT). Nursing Interventions: Airborne precautions, monitor medication adherence, educate about public health reporting.

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Sarcoidosis

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Symptoms: Fatigue, dry cough, shortness of breath. Treatment: Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive medications, monitoring. Nursing Interventions: Assess lung function, monitor for side effects of medications, provide patient education about disease management.

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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

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Symptoms: Severe shortness of breath, rapid breathing, hypoxemia. Treatment: Mechanical ventilation, prone positioning, fluid management. Nursing Interventions: Monitor oxygenation and lung compliance, minimize ventilator-associated lung injury, provide sedation and pain relief.

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Pneumonia

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Symptoms: Fever, cough with phlegm, fatigue. Treatment: Antibiotics, antipyretics, cough suppressants. Nursing Interventions: Monitor vital signs, promote hydration, encourage coughing and deep breathing.

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Pulmonary Hypertension

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Symptoms: Shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain. Treatment: Vasodilators, anticoagulants, oxygen therapy. Nursing Interventions: Monitor hemodynamic status, manage symptoms, educate on disease process.

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Bronchitis

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Symptoms: Cough, mucous production, fatigue. Treatment: Supportive care, mucolytics, bronchodilators. Nursing Interventions: Encourage fluid intake, teach coughing and deep breathing techniques, smoking cessation counseling.

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Pneumothorax

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Symptoms: Sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, low oxygen levels. Treatment: Needle decompression, chest tube placement, observation. Nursing Interventions: Monitor respiratory function, educate about chest tube management, assess for symptoms of re-expansion.

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Sleep Apnea

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Symptoms: Loud snoring, observed episodes of stopped breathing during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness. Treatment: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), weight loss, surgery. Nursing Interventions: Educate on CPAP use, weight management strategies, screen for complications.

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Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

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Symptoms: Sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, cough. Treatment: Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, compression stockings. Nursing Interventions: Monitor for signs of bleeding, educate on DVT prevention, assess for hypoxemia.

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Pleural Effusion

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Symptoms: Dyspnea, chest pain, tachypnea. Treatment: Therapeutic thoracentesis, diuretics, surgery. Nursing Interventions: Monitor for respiratory distress, educate about thoracentesis procedure, assess for reaccumulation of fluid.

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Chronic Sinusitis

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Symptoms: Nasal congestion, facial pain, reduced sense of smell. Treatment: Nasal corticosteroids, saline irrigation, antibiotics if bacterial. Nursing Interventions: Educate on nasal spray techniques, promote sinus drainage, encourage smoking cessation.

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection

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Symptoms: Cough, wheezing, rapid breathing. Treatment: Supportive care, nasal suctioning, oxygen therapy if severe. Nursing Interventions: Monitor respiratory status, promote hydration, infection control practices.

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Respiratory Acidosis

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Symptoms: Confusion, fatigue, shortness of breath. Treatment: Address underlying cause, mechanical ventilation if needed, bicarbonate for severe cases. Nursing Interventions: Monitor ABG levels, assess for hypoventilation, educate on breathing techniques.

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Interstitial Lung Disease

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Symptoms: Progressive shortness of breath, chronic cough, weight loss. Treatment: Oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, medication (antifibrotic agents). Nursing Interventions: Monitor lung function, support oxygen delivery, promote smoking cessation.

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Laryngitis

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Symptoms: Hoarse voice, sore throat, dry cough. Treatment: Resting the voice, humidifiers, hydration. Nursing Interventions: Advise on voice rest, provide throat lozenges, educate on avoiding irritating substances.

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Acute Bronchitis

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Symptoms: Cough, mucous production, wheezing. Treatment: Supportive care, cough suppressants, humidified air. Nursing Interventions: Increase fluid intake, educate on cough etiquette, encourage rest.

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Emphysema

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Symptoms: Shortness of breath, wheezing, cyanosis. Treatment: Bronchodilators, corticosteroids, lung volume reduction surgery. Nursing Interventions: Teach pursed-lip breathing, assist with activity pacing, monitor oxygen levels.

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Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

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Symptoms: Fever, chills, dry cough. Treatment: Avoidance of the offending antigen, corticosteroids, oxygen therapy if severe. Nursing Interventions: Educate on the importance of environmental control, monitor lung function, support during corticosteroid treatment.

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Silicosis

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Symptoms: Dyspnea, fatigue, chronic cough. Treatment: Supportive care, respiratory therapy, lung transplant in severe cases. Nursing Interventions: Monitor for respiratory failure, educate on avoiding further exposure to silica, support with managing symptoms.

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Pulmonary Fibrosis

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Symptoms: Shortness of breath, dry cough, tiredness. Treatment: Antifibrotic agents, pulmonary rehabilitation, lung transplant. Nursing Interventions: Monitor for disease progression, educate on symptom management, assist with coping strategies.

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Cor Pulmonale

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Symptoms: Swelling in the ankles, feet, or legs, weakness or fatigue, chest discomfort. Treatment: Treat underlying lung disease, diuretics, oxygen therapy. Nursing Interventions: Monitor for signs of right-sided heart failure, assess for fluid overload, encourage gradual physical activity.

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Asbestosis

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Symptoms: Shortness of breath, persistent cough, chest tightness. Treatment: Symptom management, pulmonary rehabilitation, lung transplantation in severe cases. Nursing Interventions: Monitor lung function, manage symptoms, support smoking cessation.

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Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

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Symptoms: Difficulty breathing, cyanosis, limpness at birth. Treatment: Suctioning of the airways, mechanical ventilation if severe, surfactant therapy. Nursing Interventions: Monitor newborn's respiratory status, support parents, ensure neonatal intensive care as needed.

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Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)

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Symptoms: Barking cough, stridor, hoarseness. Treatment: Corticosteroids, nebulized epinephrine, humidified air. Nursing Interventions: Ensure patency of airway, observe for signs of respiratory distress, educate parents on symptom management.

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Influenza (Flu)

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Symptoms: Fever, muscle aches, cough. Treatment: Antiviral drugs, supportive care, vaccination. Nursing Interventions: Administer antivirals as prescribed, monitor for secondary infections, encourage annual vaccination.

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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

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Symptoms: Tachypnea, retractions, cyanosis. Treatment: Supplemental oxygen, bronchodilators, diuretics. Nursing Interventions: Monitor for respiratory distress, manage nutrition, support family members.

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Legionnaires' Disease

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Symptoms: Cough, shortness of breath, muscle aches. Treatment: Antibiotics, supportive care, hydration. Nursing Interventions: Monitor for complications, isolate if necessary, report to public health authorities.

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Bronchiolitis

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Symptoms: Nasal congestion, cough, rapid breathing. Treatment: Supportive care, hydration, oxygen therapy if severe. Nursing Interventions: Monitor respiratory status, teach parents about symptom management, ensure infection control measures.

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Allergic Rhinitis

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Symptoms: Sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes. Treatment: Antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, allergen immunotherapy. Nursing Interventions: Educate on avoidance strategies, administer prescribed medications, assist with allergen immunotherapy.

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COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

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Symptoms: Fever, cough, loss of taste or smell. Treatment: Supportive care, antiviral medications, respiratory support for severe cases. Nursing Interventions: Isolation precautions, monitor for worsening symptoms, education on prevention measures.

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Occupational Lung Diseases

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Symptoms: Cough, shortness of breath, chest tightness. Treatment: Avoidance of exposure, corticosteroids, oxygen therapy if needed. Nursing Interventions: Monitor respiratory function, educate on protective equipment, support transition to safer work environments.

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Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

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Symptoms: Severe coughing fits, whooping sound on inhalation, vomiting after coughing. Treatment: Antibiotics, supportive care, oxygen if needed. Nursing Interventions: Isolate contagious patients, monitor for complications, educate on vaccine prevention.

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