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Civil Rights Movement Milestones
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Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
A landmark Supreme Court case that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional, paving the way for integration and the civil rights movement.
Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)
A protest triggered by Rosa Parks' arrest for refusing to give up her seat, leading to a city-wide boycott of Montgomery buses by African Americans.
Little Rock Nine (1957)
Nine African American students integrated Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, under the protection of federal troops.
Sit-in Movement (1960)
A form of nonviolent protest where African Americans sat at segregated lunch counters demanding service, starting with Greensboro, North Carolina.
Freedom Rides (1961)
Civil rights activists rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States to challenge the non-enforcement of Supreme Court rulings.
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963)
A massive protest for civil rights that included Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Legislation signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Freedom Summer (1964)
A campaign launched to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi.
Selma to Montgomery Marches (1965)
Three protest marches along the 54-mile highway from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, highlighting the struggle for voting rights.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
A landmark piece of federal legislation that prohibited racial discrimination in voting.
Black Panther Party Founded (1966)
An African-American political organization formed to challenge police brutality and racial inequality.
Kerner Commission Report (1968)
A report that concluded racism and segregation were driving America's city riots and that the US was moving toward two societies.
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (1968)
Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, which led to an international outcry and strikes.
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Also known as the Fair Housing Act, it provided equal housing opportunities regardless of race, religion, or national origin.
Shirley Chisholm Elected (1968)
Shirley Chisholm became the first African-American woman elected to the United States Congress.
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Although not directly a civil rights case, this landmark Supreme Court decision granted women the right to have an abortion, thus expanding individual rights.
Bakke Decision (1978)
A Supreme Court case that upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.
Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)
Legislation that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life.
Rodney King Beating and LA Riots (1991-1992)
The acquittal of police officers after the beating of Rodney King led to widespread riots in Los Angeles, bringing attention to racial tensions and police conduct.
Election of Barack Obama (2008)
Barack Obama became the first African-American president of the United States, representing a significant moment in the civil rights narrative.
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