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Civil Rights Movement Milestones

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Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

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A landmark Supreme Court case that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional, paving the way for integration and the civil rights movement.

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Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)

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A protest triggered by Rosa Parks' arrest for refusing to give up her seat, leading to a city-wide boycott of Montgomery buses by African Americans.

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Little Rock Nine (1957)

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Nine African American students integrated Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, under the protection of federal troops.

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Sit-in Movement (1960)

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A form of nonviolent protest where African Americans sat at segregated lunch counters demanding service, starting with Greensboro, North Carolina.

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Freedom Rides (1961)

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Civil rights activists rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States to challenge the non-enforcement of Supreme Court rulings.

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March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963)

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A massive protest for civil rights that included Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech.

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Civil Rights Act of 1964

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Legislation signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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Freedom Summer (1964)

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A campaign launched to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi.

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Selma to Montgomery Marches (1965)

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Three protest marches along the 54-mile highway from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, highlighting the struggle for voting rights.

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Voting Rights Act of 1965

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A landmark piece of federal legislation that prohibited racial discrimination in voting.

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Black Panther Party Founded (1966)

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An African-American political organization formed to challenge police brutality and racial inequality.

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Kerner Commission Report (1968)

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A report that concluded racism and segregation were driving America's city riots and that the US was moving toward two societies.

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Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (1968)

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Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, which led to an international outcry and strikes.

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Civil Rights Act of 1968

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Also known as the Fair Housing Act, it provided equal housing opportunities regardless of race, religion, or national origin.

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Shirley Chisholm Elected (1968)

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Shirley Chisholm became the first African-American woman elected to the United States Congress.

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Roe v. Wade (1973)

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Although not directly a civil rights case, this landmark Supreme Court decision granted women the right to have an abortion, thus expanding individual rights.

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Bakke Decision (1978)

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A Supreme Court case that upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.

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Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)

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Legislation that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life.

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Rodney King Beating and LA Riots (1991-1992)

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The acquittal of police officers after the beating of Rodney King led to widespread riots in Los Angeles, bringing attention to racial tensions and police conduct.

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Election of Barack Obama (2008)

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Barack Obama became the first African-American president of the United States, representing a significant moment in the civil rights narrative.

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