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Time Period: c.3100 BCE - c.332 BCE Key Features: Pyramid building, hieroglyphic writing, polytheistic religion

Time Period: c.800 BCE - c.146 BCE Key Features: Birthplace of Western philosophy, democracy, and the Olympic Games

Time Period: c.753 BCE - 476 CE Key Features: Republican then imperial governance, monumental architecture, Roman law

Time Period: c.3300 BCE - c.1300 BCE Key Features: Urban planning, advanced sewerage and drainage systems, non-monumental brick structures

Time Period: c.1600 BCE - 1046 BCE (Shang Dynasty) Key Features: Early development of writing, bronze casting, ancestor worship

Time Period: c.2000 BCE - 16th century CE Key Features: Hieroglyphic script, complex calendar system, stepped pyramids

Time Period: 1345 CE - 1521 CE Key Features: Militaristic empire, human sacrifices, chinampas agriculture

Time Period: c.1400 CE - 1533 CE Key Features: Extensive road system, quipu accounting tool, terrace farming

Time Period: c.4500 BCE - c.1900 BCE Key Features: First known writing system (cuneiform), ziggurats, city-states

Time Period: c.1894 BCE - c.539 BCE Key Features: Code of Hammurabi, monumental architecture, advancements in mathematics and astronomy

Time Period: c.1600 BCE - c.1178 BCE Key Features: Use of iron, treaties and diplomatic correspondence, strong military

Time Period: c.2600 BCE - c.1100 BCE Key Features: Palace complexes, frescoes, maritime trade

Time Period: c.1600 BCE - c.1100 BCE Key Features: Fortified palace centers, Linear B script, involvement in the Trojan War

Time Period: c.1550 BCE - c.300 BCE Key Features: Alphabetical script, purple dye, extensive trade network across the Mediterranean

Time Period: c.1200 BCE - c.400 BCE Key Features: Colossal heads, early form of writing and a calendar, ritual ball game

Time Period: c.814 BCE - 146 BCE Key Features: Powerful navy, rich trade networks, conflict with Rome known as the Punic Wars

Time Period: c.800 CE - 1600 CE Key Features: Mound-building, chiefdom organization, maize-based agriculture

Time Period: c.550 BCE - 330 BCE Key Features: Royal road system, Zoroastrianism, tolerant governance policies

Time Period: 330 CE - 1453 CE Key Features: Continuation of the Roman Empire, Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Justinian's Code

Time Period: c.1206 CE - 1368 CE Key Features: Largest contiguous land empire in history, skilled horsemen, promoted trade along the Silk Road

Time Period: c.793 CE - 1066 CE Key Features: Seafaring Norse explorers, raiders and traders, runic writing system

Time Period: 9th century CE - 15th century CE Key Features: Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia, complex irrigation and water management, Angkor Wat temple complex

Time Period: c.1st century CE - 7th century CE Key Features: Pyramids of the Sun and Moon, multi-ethnic population, central avenue called the Avenue of the Dead

Time Period: 1st century CE - 7th century CE Key Features: Monumental obelisks, conversion to Christianity, trade hub between the Roman Empire and Ancient India