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Common Discrete Distributions

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Negative Binomial Distribution

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Represents the number of trials needed to achieve a specified number of successes: P(X=k)=(k1r1)pr(1p)krP(X=k) = \binom{k-1}{r-1}p^r(1-p)^{k-r}, where pp is the success probability and rr is the desired number of successes.

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Uniform Distribution (Discrete)

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All outcomes are equally likely in a finite sample space: P(X=k)=1nP(X=k) = \frac{1}{n}, where n is the number of outcomes.

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Pascal Distribution

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Another name for the Negative Binomial Distribution when focusing on the number of unsuccessful trials before a specified number of successes occurs.

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Discrete Weibull Distribution

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Applies Weibull distribution concepts to discrete data: P(X=k)=q(kb)q((k+1)b)P(X=k) = q^{(k^b)} - q^{((k+1)^b)}, where 0<q<10 < q < 1 and b>0b > 0.

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Hypergeometric Distribution

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Describes the probability of drawing exactly k successes from a finite population without replacement: P(X=k)=(Kk)(NKnk)(Nn)P(X=k) = \frac{\binom{K}{k}\binom{N-K}{n-k}}{\binom{N}{n}}, where N is the population size, K is the number of successes in the population, and n is the number of draws.

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Zeta Distribution

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Used for modeling the distribution of non-negative integers: P(X=k)=ksζ(s)P(X=k) = \frac{k^{-s}}{\zeta(s)}, where ss is a parameter greater than 1, and ζ(s)\zeta(s) is the Riemann zeta function.

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Binomial Distribution

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A distribution representing the number of successes in a sequence of n independent experiments: P(X=k)=(nk)pk(1p)nkP(X=k) = \binom{n}{k}p^k(1-p)^{n-k}, where pp is the probability of success on a single trial.

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Geometric Distribution

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Models the number of trials until the first success: P(X=k)=(1p)k1pP(X=k) = (1-p)^{k-1}p, where pp is the probability of success on a single trial.

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Logarithmic Series Distribution

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Models the number of occurrences of an event where the probabilities diminish logarithmically: P(X=k)=pkkln(1p)P(X=k)=-\frac{p^k}{k\ln(1-p)} for k1k\geq 1 and 0<p<10 < p < 1.

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Zipf's Law

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Describes the frequency of items in a power-law distribution: P(X=k)=ksi=1NisP(X=k) = \frac{k^{-s}}{\sum_{i=1}^{N}i^{-s}}, where ss is the exponent characterizing the distribution and N is the number of elements.

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Poisson Distribution

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Expresses the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space: P(X=k)=eλλkk!P(X=k) = \frac{e^{-\lambda} \lambda^k}{k!}, where λ\lambda is the average number of events in the interval.

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Bernoulli Distribution

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A distribution for a binary outcome: P(X=k)=pk(1p)1kP(X=k) = p^k(1-p)^{1-k} for k=0,1k = 0, 1, where pp is the probability of success (k=1k=1).

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