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Financial Market Participants
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Retail Investor
An individual who purchases small amounts of securities for their personal account, and typically uses a brokerage or online platform to execute trades.
Central Bank
The primary monetary authority of a country, which regulates the supply of money and interest rates. Plays a major role in the financial stability of a country and aims to manage inflation, employment, and the overall economic growth.
Venture Capitalist (VC)
An investor who provides capital to firms exhibiting high growth potential in exchange for an equity stake. This could include providing financing to start-up ventures or supporting small companies that wish to expand.
Market Maker
A firm or individual who actively quotes two-sided markets in a particular security, providing bids and offers (ask prices) along with the market size of each.
Sell-Side Analyst
Works for the brokerage or dealer side of the market, writing research reports and recommendations for clients to help them make decisions on buying and selling securities.
Quantitative Analyst
Specializes in the application of mathematical and statistical models intended to understand financial markets and securities. Often involves creating algorithms for automated trading.
Buy-Side Analyst
Works for institutions that purchase investment services and is responsible for making recommendations for the institution’s market activities.
Portfolio Manager
Responsible for making investment decisions and carrying out investment activities on behalf of vested individuals or institutions.
High-Frequency Trader (HFT)
A type of algorithmic trading platform that processes a high volume of transactions at very high speeds, often to exploit small price discrepancies in the market.
Institutional Investor
An entity which pools money to purchase securities, real property, and other investment assets or originate loans. These organizations can include pension funds, insurance companies, banks, and hedge funds.
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