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Discrete Mathematics - Combinatorics

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In a group of 6 men and 4 women, how many committees of 5 can be formed with exactly 2 women?

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There are 180 ways to form such committees. Solution: (42)×(63)=6×20=120\binom{4}{2} \times \binom{6}{3} = 6 \times 20 = 120

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A lock has a 5-wheel combination with each wheel numbered 0 through 9. How many different combinations are possible?

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There are 100,000 different combinations. Solution: 105=100,00010^5 = 100,000

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How many different triangles can be formed by connecting 3 of the 8 points on the circumference of a circle, given that no 3 points are collinear?

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There are 56 different triangles. Solution: (83)=56\binom{8}{3} = 56

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How many ways can you select a group of 3 different colored balls from 5 red, 3 green, and 4 blue ones?

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There are 6 ways to select the group of balls. Solution: (51)×(31)×(41)=5×3×4=60\binom{5}{1} \times \binom{3}{1} \times \binom{4}{1} = 5 \times 3 \times 4 = 60

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How many ways can you give 5 different toys to 3 children if each child must get at least one toy?

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There are 150 ways to distribute the toys. Solution: Apply Stirling numbers of the second kind S(5,3)=25,then multiply by 3! to account for the distinctness of toys=25×6=150 \text{Apply Stirling numbers of the second kind } S(5,3) = 25, \text{then multiply by } 3! \text{ to account for the distinctness of toys} = 25 \times 6 = 150

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How many subsets of a 7-element set are there?

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There are 128 subsets. Solution: 27=1282^7 = 128

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How many different ways can you pick a pair of a book and a DVD from 8 different books and 5 different DVDs?

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There are 40 different ways to pick a pair. Solution: 8×5=408 \times 5 = 40

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How many ways are there to order the first six positive integers so that no even number is in its natural position (i.e., 2 is not in the second position, 4 is not in the fourth position, etc.)?

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There are 265 ways. This is a derangement problem, and the number can be calculated as !6=265!6 = 265.

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How many different 4-letter words can you form from the letters in the word 'LEVEL'?

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There are 30 different 4-letter words. Solution: 4!2!=12\frac{4!}{2!} = 12 (accounting for the 2 'E's).

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How many binary strings of length 10 can be formed with exactly 4 ones and 6 zeros?

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There are 210 such binary strings. Solution: (104)=210\binom{10}{4} = 210

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You have 5 different books. In how many ways can you arrange them on a shelf?

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There are 120 different ways to arrange the 5 books. Solution: 5!=5×4×3×2×1=1205! = 5 \times 4 \times 3 \times 2 \times 1 = 120

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If a password consists of 2 letters followed by 2 numbers, with letters from A to Z and numbers from 0 to 9, how many such passwords can be made?

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There are 67,600 such passwords. Solution: 26×26×10×10=67,60026 \times 26 \times 10 \times 10 = 67,600

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How many 3-digit numbers can you form using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 if digits can repeat?

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There are 125 3-digit numbers. Solution: 5×5×5=1255 \times 5 \times 5 = 125

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How many diagonals does a decagon (10-sided polygon) have?

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A decagon has 35 diagonals. Solution: 10×(103)2=35\frac{10 \times (10-3)}{2} = 35

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How many ways can 10 runners finishing a race be awarded gold, silver, and bronze medals?

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There are 720 ways to award the medals. Solution: 10×9×8=72010 \times 9 \times 8 = 720

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How many ways can you seat 6 people around a round table?

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There are 120 ways to seat the 6 people. Solution: (61)!=5!=120(6 - 1)! = 5! = 120

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A password consists of 4 distinct digits. How many such passwords are possible?

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There are 5040 possible passwords. Solution: 10×9×8×7=504010 \times 9 \times 8 \times 7 = 5040

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How many unique signals can be made by arranging 2 red flags, 3 blue flags, and 1 white flag on a pole?

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There are 60 unique signals. Solution: 6!2!×3!=60\frac{6!}{2! \times 3!} = 60

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What is the number of different ways you can seat 8 people at a rectangular table that seats 4 people on each side?

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There are 5,040 ways to seat the people. Solution: 7!=5,0407! = 5,040 once you fix one person to remove symmetry.

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You want to create 3-letter codes using the letters A, B, C, D, E, and F. How many such codes are possible if no letter can be repeated?

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There are 120 such codes. Solution: 6×5×4=1206 \times 5 \times 4 = 120

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Find the number of increasing sequences of length 4 from the first 10 positive integers.

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There are 210 increasing sequences. Solution: (104)=210\binom{10}{4} = 210

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How many ways can five different novels, three different biographies, and two different dictionaries be arranged on a shelf if books of the same type must be kept together?

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There are 17,280 ways to arrange the books. Solution: Arrange the sections (biographies, novels, dictionaries) 3!=63! = 6 ways and the books within each section 5!×3!×2!=14405! \times 3! \times 2! = 1440 and then multiply, 6×1440=17,2806 \times 1440 = 17,280

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How many ways can you distribute 3 identical apples among 5 children?

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There are 35 ways to distribute the apples. Solution: (3+513)=(73)=35\binom{3+5-1}{3} = \binom{7}{3} = 35

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If there are 6 flavors of ice cream and you want to choose 3 scoops, how many combinations could you have?

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There are 56 ways to choose the scoops. Solution: (6+313)=(83)=56\binom{6+3-1}{3} = \binom{8}{3} = 56

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How many three-person committees can be formed from a group of 10 people if 2 people refuse to work together?

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There are 112 committees possible. Solution: (103)(81)=1208=112\binom{10}{3} - \binom{8}{1} = 120 - 8 = 112

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From a class of 12 students, how many ways can a president and vice president be elected?

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There are 132 ways to elect a president and vice president. Solution: 12×11=13212 \times 11 = 132

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What is the total number of surjective functions that can be created from a 3-element set A to a 2-element set B?

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There are 6 surjective functions. Solution: Apply the principle of inclusion-exclusion: 23(21)(13)=82=6\text{Apply the principle of inclusion-exclusion: } 2^3 - \binom{2}{1}(1^3) = 8 - 2 = 6

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How many 5-card hands can be dealt from a standard 52-card deck?

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There are 2,598,960 different 5-card hands. Solution: (525)=2,598,960\binom{52}{5} = 2,598,960

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In how many ways can you select a committee of 4 from 10 people?

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There are 210 ways to select the committee. Solution: (104)=210\binom{10}{4} = 210

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