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Sequences and Series - Convergence Tests
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Gregory's test




A particular form of the alternating series test, where convergence is determined if the alternating sum of the sequence's terms tends to a limit.




Tauber's test




Converges if is bounded and tends to as tends to infinity.




Silverman's game




Illustrates a series's convergence via a game with prescribed moves leading to an ever-decreasing remainder; not a formal test.




Logarithmic test




Converges if ; otherwise, diverges.




Alternating series test




Converges if the sequence is decreasing and .




Comparison test




If and converges, then also converges; if diverges, then also diverges.




Stirling's test




Converges if there is a constant such that .




Hadamard's formula




Used to find the radius of convergence of a power series; .




Kummer's test




Converges if there is a positive sequence such that ; otherwise, diverges.




Absolute convergence test




A series converges absolutely if the sum of the absolute values of its terms converges.




Integral test




If , the series converges if converges; diverges otherwise.




Raabe's test




Converges if ; diverges if it is ; inconclusive if it equals .




Frobenius method




Used primarily for power series solutions to differential equations; convergence depends on the radius of convergence around singular points.




Leibniz's test for alternating series




Identical to the alternating series test; converges if the absolute value of the terms decreases monotonically to .




D'Alembert's ratio test for convergence




Equivalent to the ratio test; converges if ; otherwise, diverges or is inconclusive.




Cauchy's root test for convergence




Equivalent to the root test; converges if ; otherwise, diverges or is inconclusive.




Lambert's test




Converges if as for and for all .




Borel's criterion




A series converges if for all , there exist only finitely many natural numbers such that .




Riemann series theorem




Any conditionally convergent series can be rearranged to converge to any number or even diverge.




Geometric series test




Converges if the absolute value of the common ratio ; diverges otherwise.




Ratio test




Converges absolutely if ; diverges if the limit is or infinity; test is inconclusive if the limit equals .




Limit comparison test




If where is a positive finite number and converges, then also converges; if diverges, then diverges.




Cauchy convergence criterion




A sequence converges if for all , there exists an such that for all , .




P-series test




Converges if ; diverges for .




Conditional convergence test




A series is conditionally convergent if it converges but does not converge absolutely.




Root test




Converges absolutely if ; diverges if the limit is or infinity; test is inconclusive if the limit equals .




Dirichlet's test




Converges if is a monotonic decreasing sequence that tends to and is bounded, with partial sums also bounded.




Gauss's test




Converges if there is a positive number and such that ; otherwise, diverges.




Gauss's test for convergence




Similar to Gauss's test but modified specifically for hypergeometric series; involves complex analysis for determination.




Bertrand's test




Converges if ; otherwise, diverges.




Euler's convergence test




Converges when the product of times the difference between consecutive terms and is convergent.




Abel's test




Converges if is a monotonic convergent sequence and is a bounded sequence.




The area convergence test




For an alternating series where terms are represented by the areas of successive vertical rectangles under a decreasing function, the series converges.
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