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A dynamic system is a system, described by a set of rules, that models how variables change over time or space.

An equilibrium point is a steady-state solution to a dynamic system where all variables remain constant.

An attractor is a set of numerical values toward which a system tends to evolve for a wide variety of starting conditions.

Phase space is a multidimensional space in which all possible states of a dynamic system are represented, with each state corresponding to one unique point in the phase space.

A bifurcation occurs when a small smooth change made to the parameter values of a system causes a sudden 'qualitative' or topological change in its behavior.

Chaos theory deals with dynamic systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions, making long-term predictions impossible.

The Poincaré map is a technique used to study complex dynamic systems by taking a cross-section of the phase space and analyzing periodic orbits.

A limit cycle is a closed trajectory in phase space that a system can oscillate around in a periodic fashion.

A fractal is a complex geometric shape that can be split into parts, each of which is a reduced-scale copy of the whole, commonly seen in chaotic dynamic systems.

Lyapunov exponents measure the rate of separation of infinitesimally close trajectories in a dynamic system, determining the rate of chaos.

Nonlinear dynamics studies systems that are governed by equations more complex than a simple linear relationship, leading to rich and often unpredictable behavior.