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Homotopy Theory
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Eilenberg-Maclane space
A type of topological space that is a key object of study in algebraic topology and homotopy theory, characterized by having a single nontrivial homotopy group.
Homotopy
A continuous transformation of one function or shape into another that can be performed without tearing or gluing.
Homotopy Type
The classification of a topological space based on its structure under homotopy equivalence.
Cohomology
A mathematical concept that provides a way to algebraically classify topological spaces according to the number and type of holes of different dimensions.
Higher homotopy groups
Groups that deal with classes of maps from spheres of higher dimensions into a space, generalizing the concept of the fundamental group.
Simply connected
A space is simply connected if it is path-connected and every loop can be continuously tightened to a point.
Covering space
A topological space that maps onto another space (the base space) such that locally around every point in the base space, the mapping resembles a product of the local topology with a discrete set of points.
Fibration
A particular kind of mapping between topological spaces that has properties making it amenable to analysis via homotopy theory.
Homotopy equivalence
A type of equivalence between topological spaces that exists if two spaces can be transformed into one another through a homotopy.
Homotopy group of spheres
A set of homotopy groups that represent mappings of n-dimensional spheres into each other and play an important role in stable homotopy theory.
Retract
A subspace to which a space can be continuously contracted without changing its topological nature.
Fundamental group
Denoted as , it represents the set of all loops at a point in space up to homotopy.
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