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A function in synthesizers that provides cyclic modulation to control different parameters like pitch or amplitude. Example: Using an LFO to wobble the pitch of a bass synth for a dubstep track.

The ability to programmatically adjust parameters such as volume, pan, or effects over time within a DAW. Example: Automating the volume of a track to fade out at the end.

An effect that creates copies of the incoming signal with slight variations in timing and pitch to create a fuller sound. Example: Applying a chorus effect on a guitar track to make it sound like multiple guitars.

A device or software that records, organizes, and plays back multiple sequences of notes or control values. Example: Programming a drum pattern using a step sequencer.

A visual representation of the shape of sound waves, including sine, square, sawtooth, and triangle. Example: A sine wave is a smooth periodic oscillation used in creating sub-bass tones.

A software interface standard for integrating audio synthesizer and effect plugins with recording software. Example: Using a VST piano plugin to play piano sounds within a DAW.

Recording method where different sounds are recorded separately on individual tracks for later mixing and processing. Example: Recording vocals, guitars, and drums on separate tracks for a song.

Component of a synthesizer that creates sound waves at certain frequencies. Example: An analog oscillator might produce a warm, raw sound characteristic of vintage synthesizers.

A software platform used for recording, editing, mixing, and producing audio files. Example: Pro Tools, Logic Pro, and Ableton Live are popular DAWs used by music producers.

Using the output of one sound to control an effect on another sound, commonly used to create a 'pumping' sound. Example: Sidechain compression is used to duck the bass when the kick hits.

An effect that intentionally alters the sound by clipping the audio signal to create a fuzz, overdrive, or crunch effect. Example: Adding distortion to a bass line to make it more aggressive.

An electronic instrument that generates audio signals to create sounds. Example: The Moog synthesizer is known for its rich analog tones.

The process of aligning notes to a grid based on a specific time division, often used to correct timing errors. Example: Quantizing a MIDI drum pattern to make it perfectly in time.

The number of bits used to describe each sample of audio data, affecting the resolution. Example: A 24-bit audio recording has a greater dynamic range than a 16-bit recording.

An effect that simulates the echoes and persistence of sound after it is produced in a space. Example: Adding reverb to vocals can give them a sense of space as if sung in a large hall.

A process that reduces the dynamic range of audio by lowering the volume of loud sounds or amplifying quiet sounds. Example: Using a compressor on the master track to glue the mix together.

Refers to Attack, Decay, Sustain, and Release, which are parameters that define the shape of sound over time. Example: Tweaking the ADSR envelope to shape the sound of a kick drum.

An audio effect that repeats a signal after a set period of time, often with a decay in volume. Example: A ping-pong delay bounces the delayed sound between the left and right stereo channels.

The process of varying a parameter of a sound over time, such as pitch, volume, or filter frequency. Example: Modulating the cutoff frequency of a filter to add movement to a synth pad.

The number of samples of audio carried per second, measured in Hz or kHz. Example: CD quality audio has a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz.

A circuit or software that removes or attenuates specific frequency ranges from a sound signal. Example: A low-pass filter removes high frequencies and keeps low frequencies.

A method that creates complex sounds by splitting audio into small pieces called grains and manipulating them. Example: Using granular synthesis to stretch a sound clip into an evolving soundscape.

A technical standard that allows electronic instruments and computers to communicate. Example: Using a MIDI keyboard to control a virtual synthesizer in a DAW.

The process of adjusting the balance of frequency components in an audio signal. Example: Boosting the high frequencies on a vocal track to make it more crisp and intelligible.