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An effect that simulates the echoes and persistence of sound after it is produced in a space. Example: Adding reverb to vocals can give them a sense of space as if sung in a large hall.

A software interface standard for integrating audio synthesizer and effect plugins with recording software. Example: Using a VST piano plugin to play piano sounds within a DAW.

The range between the softest and loudest parts of a musical performance or recording. Example: The dynamics of a piece can be manipulated through the use of compression and automation.

The process of aligning notes to a grid based on a specific time division, often used to correct timing errors. Example: Quantizing a MIDI drum pattern to make it perfectly in time.

The number of bits used to describe each sample of audio data, affecting the resolution. Example: A 24-bit audio recording has a greater dynamic range than a 16-bit recording.

Using the output of one sound to control an effect on another sound, commonly used to create a 'pumping' sound. Example: Sidechain compression is used to duck the bass when the kick hits.

The number of samples of audio carried per second, measured in Hz or kHz. Example: CD quality audio has a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz.

A circuit or software that removes or attenuates specific frequency ranges from a sound signal. Example: A low-pass filter removes high frequencies and keeps low frequencies.

A process that reduces the dynamic range of audio by lowering the volume of loud sounds or amplifying quiet sounds. Example: Using a compressor on the master track to glue the mix together.

The process of adjusting the balance of frequency components in an audio signal. Example: Boosting the high frequencies on a vocal track to make it more crisp and intelligible.

An effect that creates copies of the incoming signal with slight variations in timing and pitch to create a fuller sound. Example: Applying a chorus effect on a guitar track to make it sound like multiple guitars.

Recording method where different sounds are recorded separately on individual tracks for later mixing and processing. Example: Recording vocals, guitars, and drums on separate tracks for a song.

An effect that intentionally alters the sound by clipping the audio signal to create a fuzz, overdrive, or crunch effect. Example: Adding distortion to a bass line to make it more aggressive.

The ability to programmatically adjust parameters such as volume, pan, or effects over time within a DAW. Example: Automating the volume of a track to fade out at the end.

Refers to Attack, Decay, Sustain, and Release, which are parameters that define the shape of sound over time. Example: Tweaking the ADSR envelope to shape the sound of a kick drum.

An audio effect that repeats a signal after a set period of time, often with a decay in volume. Example: A ping-pong delay bounces the delayed sound between the left and right stereo channels.

An electronic instrument that generates audio signals to create sounds. Example: The Moog synthesizer is known for its rich analog tones.

A function in synthesizers that provides cyclic modulation to control different parameters like pitch or amplitude. Example: Using an LFO to wobble the pitch of a bass synth for a dubstep track.

A visual representation of the shape of sound waves, including sine, square, sawtooth, and triangle. Example: A sine wave is a smooth periodic oscillation used in creating sub-bass tones.

A technical standard that allows electronic instruments and computers to communicate. Example: Using a MIDI keyboard to control a virtual synthesizer in a DAW.

A method that creates complex sounds by splitting audio into small pieces called grains and manipulating them. Example: Using granular synthesis to stretch a sound clip into an evolving soundscape.

A software platform used for recording, editing, mixing, and producing audio files. Example: Pro Tools, Logic Pro, and Ableton Live are popular DAWs used by music producers.

The process of varying a parameter of a sound over time, such as pitch, volume, or filter frequency. Example: Modulating the cutoff frequency of a filter to add movement to a synth pad.

Component of a synthesizer that creates sound waves at certain frequencies. Example: An analog oscillator might produce a warm, raw sound characteristic of vintage synthesizers.