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Amplitude Modulation Synthesis, a type of sound synthesis where the amplitude of one waveform is controlled by another. Synthesis Context: Less common than FM but used to create metallic or bell-like tones.

A device that removes certain frequencies from an audio signal. Synthesis Context: Filters shape the timbre of the sound by cutting or boosting frequencies often controlled by a cutoff point.

A component in synthesizers that generates audio signals used to create sounds. Synthesis Context: Oscillators are the starting point for synthesizing a sound and come in various waveforms like sine, square, sawtooth, and triangle.

Frequency Modulation Synthesis, a form of sound synthesis where the frequency of one waveform, the carrier, is altered by the frequency of another waveform, the modulator. Synthesis Context: FM synthesis can create complex and rich sounds, used extensively in electronic music and sound design.

A sound synthesis technique that adds sinusoidal components together to create a complex waveform. Synthesis Context: Considered to produce very natural and warm sounds, as it mirrors the way sounds occur in nature.

Low-Frequency Oscillator, an electronic frequency which is typically below 20 Hz and creates a rhythmic pulse or sweep. Synthesis Context: LFO is often used for modulating parameters such as pitch, volume, or filters to create vibrato, tremolo, or other effects.

A set of parameters that control how a sound's amplitude changes over time. Synthesis Context: ADSR (Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release) is a common type of envelope affecting how the sound evolves from start to finish.

A sound design method that uses a series of waveforms arranged in a table called a wavetable which can be scanned or morphed to produce dynamic sounds. Synthesis Context: Offers rich, evolving textures and is a staple in many modern software synthesizers.

A method where sounds are broken down into tiny grains which are then rearranged and layered to form other sounds. Synthesis Context: Creates unusual and often evolving textures, great for experimental sound design.

A method where partials of a richer waveform are subtracted using a filter to change the sound's timbre. Synthesis Context: One of the most common types of synthesis, used for its ability to shape sounds in a controllable way.

The number of bits of information in each audio sample. Synthesis Context: Higher bit depths can accurately capture more subtle nuances in sound, typically 16 or 24 bits for professional audio recording.

The number of samples of audio carried per second. Synthesis Context: Higher sample rates can capture more detail but require more data, commonly 44.1kHz for CD quality.

A technique where the level of one sound is reduced by the presence of another (typically the kick drum). Synthesis Context: Commonly used to make the kick cut through the mix or to create a 'pumping' effect in electronic music.

A waveform consisting of multiple sawtooth waves, detuned and combined to create a fuller, richer sound. Synthesis Context: Popularized in trance and other forms of electronic dance music for its epic, anthemic quality.

Refers to the number of simultaneous notes a synthesizer or musical instrument can play. Synthesis Context: Polyphonic synthesizers are capable of playing chords, unlike monophonic ones which can only play one note at a time.

A sound containing all frequencies at equal intensity. Synthesis Context: Used in electronic music for percussion sounds, effects, and creating a sense of space or 'air'.

Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release: the four stages of an envelope that describe the amplitude profile of a sound over time. Synthesis Context: ADSR is fundamental in shaping the dynamics of a synthesizer's sound.

Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a technical standard that describes a communications protocol, digital interface, and connectors that allow a wide variety of electronic musical instruments, computers, and other related devices to connect and communicate with one another. Synthesis Context: MIDI carries event messages that specify notation, pitch, velocity, vibrato, panning, and other signals for controlling the musical performance.

In sound design, the reinforcement or prolongation of sound by reflection or by the synchronous vibration of a neighboring object. Synthesis Context: Resonance is often associated with filters and can emphasize certain frequencies around the cut-off point, adding character to the sound.