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The number of bits of information in each audio sample; Example: Recording at a 24-bit depth for a dynamic vocal performance.

The process of adjusting the balance between frequency components within an audio signal; Example: Boosting the high frequencies to add clarity to a vocal track.

The process of converting analog signals to digital (AD) or digital signals to analog (DA); Example: The AD/DA converter in an audio interface processes microphone input for digital recording.

An effect that simulates the sound of a space, giving the impression of environmental reflections; Example: Adding reverb to a guitar track to place it in a large hall.

The use of speakers or headphones to listen to audio for the purpose of mixing or recording; Example: Using studio monitors to accurately mix a song in a treated room.

A device that amplifies low-level signals to line level; Example: Using a high-quality preamp to boost the level of a ribbon microphone when recording a soft source.

A panel with several patch points used to route audio signals in a studio; Example: Rerouting microphones or external effects through a patch bay for flexible signal routing during a session.

Uncompressed audio file formats that provide high-quality sound; Example: Exporting a mixdown of a track as a WAV file to preserve audio fidelity.

Software that emulates the sound of real instruments in a DAW; Example: Using a virtual string ensemble plugin to add orchestral layers to a pop song.

A software platform for recording, editing, mixing, and producing audio files; Example: Using Ableton Live to create an electronic dance music track.

The process of aligning audio to a grid based on a specified note value; Example: Quantizing a drum recording to tighten up the timing with the rest of the track.

A type of compression that is triggered by an external source; Example: Ducking the bass track when the kick drum hits to create space in a mix.

A combined audio output of several mixed signals, often used to apply processing to the entire mix; Example: Applying gentle compression to the mix bus to glue the mix together.

A graphical representation of the shape of a sound signal; Example: Visualizing the waveform of an audio recording in a DAW to make precise edits.

An effect that repeats the input signal after a certain period of time, creating an echo-like effect; Example: Using a ping-pong delay on a synth lead for a stereo effect.

A hardware device that converts analog signals to digital audio and vice versa; Example: Connecting a microphone to an audio interface to record vocals.

The number of audio samples captured per second; Example: Setting a sample rate of 44.1kHz for CD quality audio.

Hardware or software that modifies an audio signal in some way; Example: Using an outboard reverb unit to add spatial effects to a dry vocal track.

A device that converts one form of energy to another; Example: A microphone acting as a transducer by converting sound waves to electrical signals.

A portable device used for recording audio outside of a studio; Example: Capturing ambient noises in a forest with a field recorder for use in sound design.

Managing levels through the audio signal chain to prevent distortion; Example: Adjusting the input gain on a preamp to ensure clean recording levels without clipping.

A dynamics processor that sets a maximum output level, preventing clipping; Example: Placing a limiter on the master bus to ensure no peaks go above 0dB during exporting.

The process of reducing the dynamic range of an audio signal; Example: Using a compressor on a drum track to even out loud and soft hits.

Compressed audio file formats with reduced file size; Example: Converting a song to MP3 format for easy distribution via the internet.

The distribution of a sound signal into a new stereo or surround sound field; Example: Panning a background vocal to the left and a guitar to the right for a wider mix.

A control on a mixing console or DAW used to adjust the volume of an audio channel; Example: Pulling down the fader to reduce the level of a track that is too loud in the mix.

The timing relationship between two or more sound waves at a given point in their cycles; Example: Checking for phase issues when using multiple microphones on a drum kit.

The final step in the production process to prepare a track for distribution; Example: Applying EQ, compression, and limiting to ensure a song translates well across all playback systems.

A microphone type that is more sensitive and accurate for capturing subtle nuances; Example: Recording vocals with a Neumann U87 to capture detailed high frequencies.

A dynamics processor that mutes a signal when it falls below a set threshold; Example: Using a noise gate to eliminate the noise floor from a guitar recording between parts.

A circuit or plugin that attenuates certain frequencies while allowing others to pass; Example: Using a high-pass filter to remove low-end rumble from a vocal track.

Virtual Studio Technology plugins that add additional instruments and effects to a DAW; Example: Installing a VST piano plugin to use within a music production project.

An electronic instrument capable of generating audio signals to create various sounds; Example: Designing futuristic lead sounds for a synthwave track using an analog synthesizer.

A hardware device that generates and transmits MIDI data to MIDI-enabled devices; Example: Using a MIDI keyboard to record a piano part into a DAW.

The range of audible frequencies that can be heard by the human ear; Example: Viewing the frequency spectrum on an analyzer to identify which frequencies to EQ.

A device that connects instruments like guitars or basses directly to a mixing console or DAW; Example: Using a DI box to record a bass guitar without an amplifier.

The art and practice of creating soundtracks for a variety of needs; Example: Creating unique sounds for a new video game using synthesizers and field recordings.

Modifying the acoustical properties of a room to improve the sound quality; Example: Installing absorbers and diffusers in a home studio to reduce unwanted echoes and reflections.

The process of adjusting the playback volume of audio content to a standard level; Example: Mastering music tracks to meet the loudness standards of streaming services like Spotify.

The process of preventing sound from entering or leaving a room; Example: Adding dense materials to walls to prevent band rehearsal sound from leaking into adjacent rooms.

A microphone type that is durable and handles high sound pressure levels; Example: Using a Shure SM57 to mic a snare drum.

A feature in DAWs that allows dynamic changes to parameters over time; Example: Automating the volume of a track to fade out at the end of a song.