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Musical Terms for Songwriters

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Adagio

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A tempo marking indicating a slow pace.

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Staccato

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A style of playing where notes are performed in a detached, separated, and distinct manner.

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Cadence

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A melodic or harmonic sequence that signals the end of a phrase, section, or piece of music.

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Chord

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A set of three or more notes played together.

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Octave

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The interval between one musical pitch and another with double its frequency.

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Dynamic Range

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The range between the softest and loudest sounds that an instrument or piece of music can produce.

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Lyrics

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The words of a song.

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Measure

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A segment of time corresponding to a specific number of beats, each of a certain duration.

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Rhythm

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The patterned recurrence of events within a certain duration of time in music.

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Volume

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The perceived loudness or softness of a sound.

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Triad

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A set of three notes that can be stacked in thirds.

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Piano

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A musical term indicating to play softly.

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Tempo

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The speed at which a piece of music is played.

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Meter

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The pattern of beats in music, or the rhythmic structure resulting from the combination of long and short beats.

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Time Signature

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A notation that indicates the number of beats in a measure and the value of a beat.

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Legato

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A smooth and connected style of playing or singing.

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Consonance

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A combination of notes that provides a sense of relaxation and stability in music.

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Chorus

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The part of the song that is intended to be the most memorable and often contains the hook.

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Melody

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A sequence of notes that are perceived as a single entity.

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Scale

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A sequence of notes in ascending or descending order by pitch.

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Bridge

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A contrasting section that also prepares for the return of the original material section.

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Dynamics

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The volume of the music, or the variations in loudness and softness.

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Interval

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The distance between two pitches, typically described by the number of steps separating them.

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Pitch

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The quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as 'higher' and 'lower'.

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Tonality

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The quality of a piece of music that makes it sound 'in key' by having a tonic or 'home' pitch.

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Whole Tone Scale

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A scale consisting entirely of intervals of a whole tone.

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Key

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The group of pitches, or scale, that forms the basis of a music composition.

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Counterpoint

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The technique of writing two or more melodies that are played simultaneously and are harmonically interdependent yet independent in rhythm and contour.

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Fermata

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A symbol placed over a note or rest to indicate that it should be prolonged beyond its normal duration.

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Sequence

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Repetition of a melodic phrase at a higher or lower pitch.

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Tritone

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An interval spanning three whole tones, or six semitones.

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Da Capo

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In sheet music, an instruction to repeat the beginning of the piece before stopping on the final chord.

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Allegro

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A tempo marking indicating a fast, lively pace.

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Forte

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A musical term for loud or strong.

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Modulation

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The process of changing from one key to another within a piece.

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Syncopation

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The placement of rhythmic stresses or accents where they wouldn't normally occur.

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Dal Segno

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An indication in written music to repeat a section starting from the sign marked by a stylized 'S'.

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Bar

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A segment of time in music that is defined by a given number of beats.

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Dissonance

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A combination of notes that clash, either harmonically or melodically, and create tension.

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Glissando

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A continuous slide upward or downward between two notes.

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Alto

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A vocal range that is typically below soprano and above tenor.

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Vibrato

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A slight fluctuation in pitch used to enhance or intensify a sound.

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Coda

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The concluding passage of a piece or movement.

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Refrain

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A verse or phrase that is repeated at intervals throughout a song, typically after each verse.

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Verse

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A section of a song that typically tells a story or provides insight into the song’s theme.

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Voicing

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The arrangement of notes in chords.

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Harmony

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The combination of different musical notes played or sung simultaneously to produce a pleasing sound.

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Arpeggio

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The playing of the notes of a chord in succession, rather than simultaneously.

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Tonic

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The first note of a scale which provides the keynote of a piece of music.

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Bass

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The lowest male voice range in common use, or a family of instruments that produce the lowest pitches in ensembles.

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Tenuto

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A directive to hold a note or chord for its full length, or slightly more.

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