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Musical Terms for Songwriters
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Adagio
A tempo marking indicating a slow pace.
Allegro
A tempo marking indicating a fast, lively pace.
Bar
A segment of time in music that is defined by a given number of beats.
Bridge
A contrasting section that also prepares for the return of the original material section.
Chord
A set of three or more notes played together.
Chorus
The part of the song that is intended to be the most memorable and often contains the hook.
Coda
The concluding passage of a piece or movement.
Dissonance
A combination of notes that clash, either harmonically or melodically, and create tension.
Dynamics
The volume of the music, or the variations in loudness and softness.
Forte
A musical term for loud or strong.
Harmony
The combination of different musical notes played or sung simultaneously to produce a pleasing sound.
Interval
The distance between two pitches, typically described by the number of steps separating them.
Key
The group of pitches, or scale, that forms the basis of a music composition.
Legato
A smooth and connected style of playing or singing.
Lyrics
The words of a song.
Measure
A segment of time corresponding to a specific number of beats, each of a certain duration.
Melody
A sequence of notes that are perceived as a single entity.
Meter
The pattern of beats in music, or the rhythmic structure resulting from the combination of long and short beats.
Modulation
The process of changing from one key to another within a piece.
Octave
The interval between one musical pitch and another with double its frequency.
Piano
A musical term indicating to play softly.
Pitch
The quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as 'higher' and 'lower'.
Refrain
A verse or phrase that is repeated at intervals throughout a song, typically after each verse.
Rhythm
The patterned recurrence of events within a certain duration of time in music.
Scale
A sequence of notes in ascending or descending order by pitch.
Staccato
A style of playing where notes are performed in a detached, separated, and distinct manner.
Tempo
The speed at which a piece of music is played.
Time Signature
A notation that indicates the number of beats in a measure and the value of a beat.
Tonality
The quality of a piece of music that makes it sound 'in key' by having a tonic or 'home' pitch.
Verse
A section of a song that typically tells a story or provides insight into the song’s theme.
Vibrato
A slight fluctuation in pitch used to enhance or intensify a sound.
Volume
The perceived loudness or softness of a sound.
Whole Tone Scale
A scale consisting entirely of intervals of a whole tone.
Arpeggio
The playing of the notes of a chord in succession, rather than simultaneously.
Cadence
A melodic or harmonic sequence that signals the end of a phrase, section, or piece of music.
Counterpoint
The technique of writing two or more melodies that are played simultaneously and are harmonically interdependent yet independent in rhythm and contour.
Glissando
A continuous slide upward or downward between two notes.
Syncopation
The placement of rhythmic stresses or accents where they wouldn't normally occur.
Tonic
The first note of a scale which provides the keynote of a piece of music.
Triad
A set of three notes that can be stacked in thirds.
Consonance
A combination of notes that provides a sense of relaxation and stability in music.
Fermata
A symbol placed over a note or rest to indicate that it should be prolonged beyond its normal duration.
Sequence
Repetition of a melodic phrase at a higher or lower pitch.
Tritone
An interval spanning three whole tones, or six semitones.
Voicing
The arrangement of notes in chords.
Da Capo
In sheet music, an instruction to repeat the beginning of the piece before stopping on the final chord.
Dal Segno
An indication in written music to repeat a section starting from the sign marked by a stylized 'S'.
Dynamic Range
The range between the softest and loudest sounds that an instrument or piece of music can produce.
Alto
A vocal range that is typically below soprano and above tenor.
Bass
The lowest male voice range in common use, or a family of instruments that produce the lowest pitches in ensembles.
Tenuto
A directive to hold a note or chord for its full length, or slightly more.
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