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Musical Terms for Songwriters
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Cadence
A melodic or harmonic sequence that signals the end of a phrase, section, or piece of music.
Alto
A vocal range that is typically below soprano and above tenor.
Tempo
The speed at which a piece of music is played.
Dal Segno
An indication in written music to repeat a section starting from the sign marked by a stylized 'S'.
Adagio
A tempo marking indicating a slow pace.
Bridge
A contrasting section that also prepares for the return of the original material section.
Forte
A musical term for loud or strong.
Lyrics
The words of a song.
Chorus
The part of the song that is intended to be the most memorable and often contains the hook.
Measure
A segment of time corresponding to a specific number of beats, each of a certain duration.
Scale
A sequence of notes in ascending or descending order by pitch.
Voicing
The arrangement of notes in chords.
Allegro
A tempo marking indicating a fast, lively pace.
Coda
The concluding passage of a piece or movement.
Dynamics
The volume of the music, or the variations in loudness and softness.
Harmony
The combination of different musical notes played or sung simultaneously to produce a pleasing sound.
Time Signature
A notation that indicates the number of beats in a measure and the value of a beat.
Counterpoint
The technique of writing two or more melodies that are played simultaneously and are harmonically interdependent yet independent in rhythm and contour.
Dynamic Range
The range between the softest and loudest sounds that an instrument or piece of music can produce.
Chord
A set of three or more notes played together.
Tonic
The first note of a scale which provides the keynote of a piece of music.
Dissonance
A combination of notes that clash, either harmonically or melodically, and create tension.
Interval
The distance between two pitches, typically described by the number of steps separating them.
Refrain
A verse or phrase that is repeated at intervals throughout a song, typically after each verse.
Tenuto
A directive to hold a note or chord for its full length, or slightly more.
Bar
A segment of time in music that is defined by a given number of beats.
Arpeggio
The playing of the notes of a chord in succession, rather than simultaneously.
Fermata
A symbol placed over a note or rest to indicate that it should be prolonged beyond its normal duration.
Bass
The lowest male voice range in common use, or a family of instruments that produce the lowest pitches in ensembles.
Tonality
The quality of a piece of music that makes it sound 'in key' by having a tonic or 'home' pitch.
Volume
The perceived loudness or softness of a sound.
Whole Tone Scale
A scale consisting entirely of intervals of a whole tone.
Key
The group of pitches, or scale, that forms the basis of a music composition.
Octave
The interval between one musical pitch and another with double its frequency.
Glissando
A continuous slide upward or downward between two notes.
Consonance
A combination of notes that provides a sense of relaxation and stability in music.
Melody
A sequence of notes that are perceived as a single entity.
Modulation
The process of changing from one key to another within a piece.
Legato
A smooth and connected style of playing or singing.
Pitch
The quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as 'higher' and 'lower'.
Da Capo
In sheet music, an instruction to repeat the beginning of the piece before stopping on the final chord.
Rhythm
The patterned recurrence of events within a certain duration of time in music.
Verse
A section of a song that typically tells a story or provides insight into the song’s theme.
Syncopation
The placement of rhythmic stresses or accents where they wouldn't normally occur.
Triad
A set of three notes that can be stacked in thirds.
Sequence
Repetition of a melodic phrase at a higher or lower pitch.
Tritone
An interval spanning three whole tones, or six semitones.
Piano
A musical term indicating to play softly.
Meter
The pattern of beats in music, or the rhythmic structure resulting from the combination of long and short beats.
Staccato
A style of playing where notes are performed in a detached, separated, and distinct manner.
Vibrato
A slight fluctuation in pitch used to enhance or intensify a sound.
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