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Foucault's Concept of Power

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Biopower

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A form of power that focuses on populations and is concerned with regulating life processes such as birth, death, and health through an array of institutions and knowledge systems.

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Disciplinary Power

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A mechanism of power that operates in a subtle way through institutions like prisons, schools, and military forces to shape and control individuals' behaviors, movements, and thoughts.

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Power/Knowledge

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Refers to the Foucauldian concept that power and knowledge are not seen as independent entities but are inextricably related.

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Resistive Practices

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The ways in which individuals or groups push back against the mechanisms of power, often creating new forms of identity and knowledge in the process.

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Medical Gaze

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The dehumanizing medical separation of the patient's body from the patient's person, enabling the body to be read as an object of knowledge for physicians.

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Docile Bodies

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Foucault describes 'docile bodies' as bodies that may be subjected, used, transformed, and improved, and that these are the result of disciplinary power that controls the minute movements of bodies and regulates time and space around them.

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Sovereign Power

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A form of power that is held by an individual or group with the capacity to make laws, and the right to enforce them, often through violent means or the threat thereof.

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Pastoral Power

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A form of authority that Foucault describes as caring for a collective, akin to the guidance a pastor offers to a flock, and is foundational to modern forms of state governance.

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Micro-Powers

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The concept that power is not merely concentrated in structures like the state or ruling class but is diffused through a multitude of power relations at all levels of society.

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Juridical Power

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A form of power that operates through laws, rules, and decrees, having the authority to permit or deny, to sanction or forbid.

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State Racism

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A form of racism perpetuated by the state that is used as a means of division and control over populations, often justifying the management, hierarchization, and exclusion of certain groups.

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Carcerality

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The societal tendency to extensively use and normalize institutions of confinement, punishment, and surveillance, affecting how broader society regulates and defines deviance.

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Sexuality and Power

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The ways in which sexual conduct has been regulated and constructed by various power relations, which both restrict and produce discourses and practices related to sexuality.

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Governmentality

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Foucault's term for the art of government that includes the management of population, territory, and resources, but also concerns itself with the guiding of individual conduct.

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Panopticism

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The principle of designing architectural spaces (like panopticon prisons) that allow for constant surveillance, which enforces discipline and regulation at all times through the possibility of constant observation.

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The Repressive Hypothesis

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Foucault's critique of the idea that Western society has suppressed sexuality since the rise of the Victorian era, suggesting instead that talking about sex has proliferated under the guise of taboo.

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Technologies of the Self

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Techniques and strategies by which individuals act upon themselves to transform, alter or regulate aspects of their identity in order to meet some form of demand or standard, often a part of the broader 'care of the self'.

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Subjectivation/Subjection

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The process through which individuals are made into subjects through the operation of power and by taking on prescribed roles, often internalizing them.

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