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Merleau-Ponty on Perception
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Intentionality
Intentionality is the characteristic of being directed toward an object; it is the structure that gives meaning to experience. Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of perception describes intentionality as inherent to consciousness, giving experiences a direction and purpose.
Inter-subjectivity
Inter-subjectivity refers to the interconnectedness of subjective perspectives. In the phenomenology of perception, Merleau-Ponty asserts that our perceptions are shaped by our interactions with others, and that we experience the world as a shared space.
Chiasm
The Chiasm refers to the intertwining of the perceiver and the perceived, highlighting the reciprocity in the act of perception. Merleau-Ponty uses this term to illustrate how the perceptual experience involves a blending of subject and object.
Embodiment
Embodiment in phenomenology of perception refers to the idea that the body is not just a vessel for the mind, but an integral part of how we experience the world. Merleau-Ponty argued for the inseparability of mind and body in shaping our perceptual experience.
Pre-objective Reality
Pre-objective reality, as defined by Merleau-Ponty, is the world we experience before we apply conceptual thinking or scientific categorization. It is the raw perception that is beneath the level of objective understanding.
Maximum Grip
Maximum Grip is a concept developed by Merleau-Ponty which describes the tendency of organisms to perceive the environment and themselves in a way that maximizes efficiency and efficacy in interaction.
Sedimentation
Sedimentation refers to the accumulation over time of cultural, linguistic, and personal experiences that shape and inform our perception of the world, as described by Merleau-Ponty. This concept applies to the way in which past experiences affect current perception.
Phenomenology
Phenomenology is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from a first-person perspective. In the context of perception, Merleau-Ponty emphasizes a direct and immediate experience with the world where perception is not merely a passive reception of data, but an active engagement with the sensory world.
Primacy of Perception
Merleau-Ponty posited the Primacy of Perception, which suggests that perception is the primary form of access we have to the world and that other cognitive processes, such as conceptual thinking, are secondary to perceptual experience.
Operative Intentionality
Operative Intentionality is the pre-conscious, practical orientation towards the world, which shapes our immediate interaction with it. According to Merleau-Ponty, this form of intentionality underlies and supports the deliberate acts of what he calls 'act intentionality'.
The Phenomenal Field
The Phenomenal Field is the total field of experience wherein all acts of perception occur. According to Merleau-Ponty, it encompasses not only the perceived objects but also the perceiving subject and the interaction between the two.
Perceptual Faith
Perceptual faith is the notion in Merleau-Ponty's work that we have a pre-reflective trust in our perceptions of the world. This pre-reflective layer is fundamental to any conscious reflection or skepticism about the world.
Motor Intentionality
Motor Intentionality is the embodied tendency towards movement inherent in perception. For Merleau-Ponty, this concept underscores the active and kinetic relationship we have with the world through our perceptual and motor skills.
The Lived Body
The Lived Body (Leib) is the subjective experience of the body from within. It contrasts with the objective body (Körper) as studied by science. Merleau-Ponty emphasized the Lived Body as central to understanding human perception.
The Tacit Cogito
The Tacit Cogito proposes an implicit self-awareness that underlies the explicit cogito ('I think, therefore I am') of Descartes. Merleau-Ponty suggests that this pre-reflective self-awareness is essential for perception and existence.
Horizon of Perception
The Horizon of Perception in Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology implies that every perceptual act is embedded within a context or 'horizon'. This horizon includes a background of other potential experiences and perceptions which give depth and meaning to the current focal point.
Body Schema
Merleau-Ponty's concept of Body Schema is an understanding of the body that is non-conceptual and dynamic, allowing for the immediate and pre-reflective action and movement within the world, essential for perception.
Hyper-reflection
Hyper-reflection is the process of reflecting not just on the object of perception, but on the act of perception itself. In Merleau-Ponty's work, hyper-reflection deals with understanding the inherent structures and conditions of perception.
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