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Heidegger's Fundamental Concepts

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Being-in-the-world

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This term conveys Heidegger's view that existence is inherently tied to the world it inhabits, entwining being with its surroundings.

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The 'they'

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The 'they' represents the social construct or normative force that shapes individual behavior and thought without one's conscious decision, often detracting from authentic existence.

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Present-at-hand (Vorhandenheit)

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An object is present-at-hand when it is disconnected from its usefulness and perceived objectively, which contrasts with the engaged and practical ready-to-hand perception.

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Dasein

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The term Dasein represents Heidegger's conception of human existence, highlighting a being that is aware of and questions its own existence.

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Ready-to-hand (Zuhandenheit)

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This concept describes items in our environment in terms of their utility and how they become extensions of our being when we use them without conscious thought.

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Care (Sorge)

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For Heidegger, care is the fundamental state of Dasein, which drives its being by projecting possibilities and understanding its being-in-the-world.

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Inauthenticity

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In Heidegger's thought, inauthenticity refers to living a life dominated by societal norms and expectations, rather than personal understanding and choice.

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Worldhood

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Worldhood is the structure of the world in which Dasein exists, and it includes all relations and contexts that make understanding possible.

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Existentiality

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Existentiality is the aspect of Dasein's existence that is focused on its ability to project itself forward and define its own possibilities.

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Facticity

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Facticity refers to the concrete details of our existence that we cannot change, i.e., our 'facticity' reflects the unchosen aspects of our existence such as birthplace and physical characteristics.

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Falling (Verfallen)

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Falling describes the tendency for Dasein to lose itself in the distractions of everyday life and the social world, leading away from authentic existence.

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Temporality (Zeitlichkeit)

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Temporal existence, for Heidegger, is the foundation of Dasein's being, with past, present, and future interwoven to inform how we understand the world and our place in it.

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Being-toward-death

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Heidegger describes being-toward-death as the recognition and acceptance of one's own inevitable death, which fosters authentic existence.

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Authenticity

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Authentic existence according to Heidegger involves living a life that is true to one's own self rather than conforming to the anonymous 'they'.

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Thrownness (Geworfenheit)

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This concept refers to the fact that Dasein finds itself 'thrown' into the world in a given set of circumstances, which it did not choose.

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