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Lacan's Psychoanalytic Theories
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The Real
A realm beyond symbolic order that is impossible for us to fully articulate or understand; a sense of the ineffable and pre-linguistic.
The Imaginary
A realm of images and illusions; linked to the mirror stage where the ego is developed; characterized by dual relationships.
The Symbolic
The realm of language, law, social structure, and the Oedipal complex; established through the prohibition of incest.
The Mirror Stage
A developmental stage where a child first recognizes their own image as separate from themselves, leading to ego formation.
The Name-of-the-Father
The symbolic authority figure that represents the power of language and law to interdict incestuous desire.
Lack (manque)
The central concept to Lacan's theory, stating that desire originates from a fundamental sense of loss.
Desire
The perpetual movement driven by lack, oriented towards something that is always perceived as missing.
The Big Other
The symbolic order and the structures of social authority and language that regulate the subject's interactions.
The Phallus
A symbolic signifier of power and the presence of the absence in the realm of the Symbolic; not equivalent to the male genital organ.
The Oedipal Complex
The child's psychosexual conflicts with the mother and father, leading to identification with the same-sex parent.
The Other
The unconscious perceived as an external place where the 'treasure trove of signifiers' and the subject's true speech lies.
The a-Object (object petit a)
The object of desire that is never attainable but motivates much of a person's actions and fantasies.
Jouissance
A paradoxical concept signifying extreme pleasure that ultimately becomes pain, linked to the Real.
The Gaze
Unlike the ordinary act of looking, the Lacanian gaze is the anxious sense that one is being viewed as an object.
The Subject
In Lacanian theory, a being that is constituted by language and the unconscious, marked by a fundamental division or split.
Lacanian Psychoanalysis
A re-interpretation of Freudian psychoanalysis focusing on the centrality of language and desire in the human psyche.
The Psychoanalytic Session
An encounter that typically involves a psychoanalyst, a patient, and the patient's free association guided by the principles of Lacanian theory.
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