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In 'The Birth of Tragedy', Nietzsche discusses the dichotomy of Apollonian and Dionysian impulses in art, which respectively represent order and chaos or rationality and irrationality.

Nietzsche's Will to Power is the driving force of human behaviour, surpassing the will to survive, and manifests as a relentless drive to exert and expand one's influence and capabilities.

Nihilism, in the context of Nietzsche, refers to the rejection of inherent meaning in life and values, associated with the decay of moral and religious authority.

Ressentiment is a repressed feeling of envy and hatred that cannot be acted upon, which gives rise to moral values in people who are not in positions of power, according to Nietzsche.

'Thus Spoke Zarathustra' is a philosophical novel by Nietzsche that introduces many of his important ideas, including the Übermensch and the eternal recurrence.

'The Gay Science' is a book by Nietzsche that includes a collection of poems and aphorisms, and introduces the proclamation of 'the death of God' and the concept of the eternal recurrence.

Master-Slave Morality is a dichotomy in Nietzsche's philosophy that contrasts the morality of the 'masters', valuing pride and power, with that of the 'slaves', valuing kindness and empathy.

In Nietzsche's thought, the Dionysian represents the irrational, ecstatic, and the collective aspects of nature, juxtaposed with the Apollonian in 'The Birth of Tragedy'.

The Übermensch is a concept in Nietzsche's philosophy representing a person who has surpassed the existing human condition and conventional morality to reach a liberated state of being.

Eternal Recurrence is a hypothetical concept that posits the universe and all existence as recurring infinitely across time, implicating that one should live as though their life would repeat eternally.

The Apollonian aspect in Nietzsche's philosophy embodies logic, order, and individuality, and is one aspect of the dichotomous relationship with the Dionysian explored in 'The Birth of Tragedy'.

'The Will to Power' is a posthumously-published collection of Nietzsche's notes, selected and arranged by his sister, that amplifies his idea of the will to power as a fundamental force.

'On the Genealogy of Morals' is one of Nietzsche's works focused on the history and critique of morality, presenting his ideas on master-slave morality and the origins of moral values.

Herrenmensch, which translates to 'lordly man,' is a concept in Nietzsche's philosophy that sometimes is conflated with Übermensch, yet pertains to the idea of a dominant ruling class within a master-slave moral framework.

Perspectivism is Nietzsche's epistemological view that all knowledge is interpretative and that there are many possible perspectives from which the world can be understood, none of which may claim ultimate authority.

The notion of 'the death of God' reflects Nietzsche's belief in the decline of traditional Christian values and the rise of secular society, implicating the need to find new values.

'The Antichrist' is a book by Nietzsche in which he criticizes Christianity as a religion that glorifies weakness over strength and vitality, promoting a slave morality.

Zarathustra is the protagonist of Nietzsche's 'Thus Spoke Zarathustra', a figure through which Nietzsche explores his ideas, named after the ancient Persian founder of Zoroastrianism.