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Community Psychology Research Methods

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Participatory Action Research (PAR)

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Advantages: Empowers community members, generates practical solutions, enhances the relevance of research findings. Challenges: Time-consuming, potential conflicts between academic and community goals, maintaining participation.

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Needs Assessment

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Advantages: Identifies community priorities, informs program development, allocates resources efficiently. Challenges: May be met with community resistance, reliant on accurate data collection, can be resource-intensive.

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Survey Research

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Advantages: Gathers data from a large number of respondents fairly quickly, can be cost-effective, allows for anonymity of participants. Challenges: Limited by the quality of questions, potential low response rates, may not capture the depth of community issues.

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Ethnography

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Advantages: Provides a deep understanding of community culture, generates rich qualitative data, allows researchers to observe naturally occurring behaviors. Challenges: Time-consuming, requires skilled observation and interpretation, potential observer bias.

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Case Study

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Advantages: Allows for in-depth examination of specific instances, can provide detailed insights into community processes, useful for illustrating principles in a real-world context. Challenges: Findings may not be generalizable, susceptible to bias, time-intensive.

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Focus Groups

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Advantages: Elicits diverse perspectives within a community, stimulates discussions that can reveal new insights, encourages participant interaction. Challenges: Requires skilled moderation, group dynamics can influence individual responses, may not be representative.

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Longitudinal Studies

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Advantages: Allows for the observation of changes over time, can measure long-term effects of interventions, useful for establishing causality. Challenges: Risk of participant attrition, resource-heavy over time, analysis can be complex.

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Cross-Sectional Studies

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Advantages: Provides a snapshot of a community at a single point in time, less time-consuming than longitudinal studies, can identify associations between variables. Challenges: Cannot establish causation, subject to selection bias, may not reflect changes over time.

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Experimental Research

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Advantages: Can establish causal relationships between variables, allows for control over extraneous variables, findings can be generalized if the sample is representative. Challenges: Ethical considerations in manipulating variables, artificiality of controlled conditions, not always feasible in a community setting.

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Secondary Data Analysis

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Advantages: Utilizes existing data to answer new research questions, cost-effective, can provide access to large, diverse datasets. Challenges: Data may not fit current research needs precisely, potential issues with data quality, limitations on available data analysis.

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