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Important Studies in Community Psychology
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Sense of Community: A Definition and Theory
McMillan & Chavis (1986) found that a 'sense of community' is composed of four elements: membership, influence, integration and fulfillment of needs, and shared emotional connection. The significance lies in providing a framework for community building initiatives.
The Community Readiness Model
Edwards, Jumper-Thurman et al. (2000) discovered that community readiness can be measured and is critical for the successful implementation of community-based programs. This study is significant for program planners and policy developers.
Empowerment Theory in Community Psychology
Zimmerman (1995) contributed to the empowerment theory by detailing the psychological, organizational, and community levels of analysis. The study's significance highlights the multidimensional nature of empowerment and its importance in community intervention strategies.
Social Capital and Community Building
Putnam (1995) established that social capital, which consists of social networks, norms, and trust, significantly contributes to the functioning and well-being of communities, underlining the necessity for fostering social connections.
Community Coalition Action Theory
Butterfoss & Kegler (2002) explored how community coalitions can be a vehicle for community change, emphasizing the processes that make coalitions effective. This study guides the development and evaluation of coalition-based health promotion efforts.
Stress, Coping, and Resilience in a Natural Disaster
Norris et al. (2002) analyzed how communities cope with natural disasters, finding that community resilience is tied to social support and collective efficacy. The significance lies in understanding community reactions to trauma and informing disaster response planning.
The Role of Community Gardens in Fostering Community Development
Kingsley, Townsend et al. (2006) found that community gardens contribute to community development by promoting social interaction, food security, and ecological education. This study supports urban planning that includes green spaces for community benefit.
Evaluating Community-Based Health Interventions
Merzel and D'Afflitti (2003) evaluated the effectiveness of community-based health interventions, demonstrating that such interventions can improve health outcomes when actively involving community members. This emphasizes the role of community engagement in health promotion.
Social Networks and Well-Being in Aging Populations
Litwin & Shiovitz-Ezra (2011) investigated the impact of social networks on the well-being of the elderly, revealing that supportive social networks improve mental and physical health among seniors, highlighting the importance of social ties for aging populations.
The Dynamics of Collective Leadership in Neighborhood Initiatives
Foster-Fishman et al. (2001) examined how collective leadership dynamics can influence the success of neighborhood initiatives, finding that shared and inclusive leadership styles correlate with more effective community development.
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