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Therapy and Counseling Theories
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
A form of psychotherapeutic treatment that helps patients understand the thoughts and feelings that influence behaviors. Techniques include cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, and exposure therapy.
Psychodynamic Therapy
A clinical method derived from psychoanalytic theories, which view individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences. Techniques involve free association, dream analysis, and transference.
Humanistic Therapy
An approach that emphasizes the personal worth of the individual and the importance of human values. Techniques include client-centered therapy, gestalt therapy, and existential therapy.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
A type of cognitive-behavioral therapy that combines standard CBT techniques for emotion regulation and reality-testing with concepts of distress tolerance, acceptance, and mindful awareness largely derived from Buddhist meditative practice.
Behavioral Therapy
A type of psychotherapy that focuses on changing undesirable behaviors. Techniques include systematic desensitization, aversion therapy, and operant conditioning.
Existential Therapy
A form of psychotherapy that seeks to help patients deal with existential questions such as the meaning of life, isolation, and freedom. Techniques often involve dialogue, exploration of client's experiences, and situational analysis.
Gestalt Therapy
An existential/experiential form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility, and focuses upon the individual's experience in the present moment. Techniques include the empty chair technique, directed awareness, and playing the projection.
Narrative Therapy
A form of psychotherapy that separates the person from the problem and encourages patients to rely on their own skill sets to minimize the problems that exist in their everyday lives. Techniques include storytelling, re-authoring, and externalization.
Transactional Analysis
A psychoanalytic theory and method of therapy wherein social transactions are analyzed to determine the ego state of the patient as a basis for understanding behavior. Techniques consist of identifying the ego states, transactions, and scripts.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
A comprehensive, active-directive, philosophically and empirically based psychotherapy which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems. The technique strives to help individuals change irrational beliefs and negative thought patterns.
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