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Contemporary Religious Movements

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Neopaganism

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Beliefs & Societal Impact: Revival of pre-Christian religions, focus on nature worship, and polytheism. Societal impact includes environmental activism and fostering of new community rituals.

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Scientology

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Beliefs & Societal Impact: Belief in an immortal spirit and past lives, use of auditing to clear negative influences, and a goal of spiritual enlightenment. Societal impact is seen in celebrity endorsements and legal controversies.

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Baha'i Faith

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Beliefs & Societal Impact: Belief in the unity of all religions, progressive revelation, and universal peace. Impact includes promotion of gender equality, education, and global governance.

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Falun Gong

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Beliefs & Societal Impact: Combines Qigong exercises with a spiritual philosophy, emphasizing truthfulness, compassion, and forbearance. Impact includes tension with the Chinese government and international human rights advocacy.

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Rastafarianism

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Beliefs & Societal Impact: Belief in the divinity of Haile Selassie, the sacredness of marijuana, and the importance of African cultural identity. Impact includes influence on reggae music and visibility in anti-colonial movements.

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Nation of Islam

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Beliefs & Societal Impact: Combines Islamic teachings with black nationalist ideas, emphasizes racial pride and self-improvement. Impact includes leadership in civil rights movements and influence on American Islam.

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Hare Krishna Movement

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Beliefs & Societal Impact: Devotion to the Hindu god Krishna, practice of bhakti yoga, and communal living. Impact includes popularization of vegetarianism and Indian culture in the West.

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Wicca

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Beliefs & Societal Impact: A modern form of witchcraft with a focus on the Goddess and God, celebration of nature, and practicing magic. Societal impact includes the pagan revival and reclamation of feminine spiritual imagery.

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Soka Gakkai

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Beliefs & Societal Impact: Based on Nichiren Buddhism, chanting of Nam Myoho Renge Kyo, focused on individual happiness and world peace. Societal impact includes fostering cultural exchanges and peace activities.

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New Atheism

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Beliefs & Societal Impact: Advocates for a secular worldview, criticizes religion as harmful and irrational. Impact includes promoting science education, church-state separation, and interfaith dialogue initiatives.

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Cargo Cults

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Beliefs & Societal Impact: Belief that ancestral spirits will deliver wealth and goods ('cargo'), often as a response to colonial encounters. Impact includes social movements that can influence political self-determination.

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Transcendental Meditation

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Beliefs & Societal Impact: Practice of meditation for relaxation and stress-reduction, derived from the Hindu tradition. Impact includes widespread adoption in health programs and schools, and celebrity endorsements.

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