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Diplomatic Terms
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Embassy
The official residence or offices of an ambassador in a foreign country.
Ambassador
An accredited diplomat sent by a country as its official representative to a foreign country.
Consulate
A diplomatic office in a foreign city that represents a nation, providing assistance to its citizens and issuing visas.
Diplomatic Immunity
Legal immunity granted to diplomats that exempts them from local laws, allowing freedom of function without fear of coercion by the host country.
Détente
A relaxation of tension between nations, as through negotiations or agreements.
Extradition
The formal process by which a fugitive found in one country is surrendered to another country for trial or punishment.
Persona Non Grata
A person who is no longer welcome by the host government.
Soft Power
A persuasive approach to international relations, typically involving the use of economic or cultural influence.
Sovereignty
The authority of a state to govern itself or another state.
Treaty
A formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries.
Sanctions
Penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or with rules and regulations.
Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)
A legally constituted group that operates independently from any government, typically one whose purpose is to address a social or political issue.
Diplomatic Recognition
The formal acknowledgment by one state of another state's existence and sovereignty.
Multilateralism
The principle of participating with multiple countries to address international concerns, often through international institutions like the UN.
Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
An international treaty with the goal of preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and technology, promoting cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and achieving nuclear disarmament.
Proxy War
A conflict where two opposing countries or powers support combatants that serve their interests instead of waging war directly.
Supranational Organization
A type of multinational political union where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states.
Bilateral Agreement
An exchange agreement between two nations or trading groups that gives each party favored trade status pertaining to certain goods obtained from the signatories.
Cultural Diplomacy
The use of cultural exchange to foster mutual understanding and cooperation between nations.
Humanitarian Intervention
The intervention by a country or group of countries in another country's affairs in order to prevent or end serious and widespread violations of human rights.
Economic Espionage
The clandestine collection of trade secrets or proprietary information about a company or nation.
Arms Control
The limitation and control of the development, testing, production, deployment, and proliferation of weapons, particularly weapons of mass destruction.
Containment
A geopolitical strategy to stop the expansion of an enemy or ideology, often associated with the American policy towards the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
Track II Diplomacy
An informal type of diplomacy conducted by non-officials or individuals outside of official government positions, aimed at conflict resolution.
Pax Americana
A term referring to the relative peace in the Western world since the end of World War II in 1945, which some people attribute partly due to the preeminence of the United States.
Diplomatic Corps
The collective body of foreign diplomats accredited to a particular country or body.
Nation-State
A form of political organization under which a relatively homogeneous people inhabits a sovereign state; a state containing one as opposed to several nationalities.
Intergovernmental Organization (IGO)
An organization composed primarily of sovereign states, or of other intergovernmental organizations.
Public Diplomacy
The act of engaging and informing individual foreign audiences to shape the public opinion in ways that are favorable to the origin country and its foreign policy.
Statecraft
The art or skill of conducting state affairs, including the management of diplomacy, the conduct of foreign policy, and the making of strategic decisions.
Balance of Power
A situation in which nations of the world have roughly equal power, where no single nation can dominate or interfere with the interests of another.
Asylum
Protection and immunity from extradition granted by a sovereign authority to a refugee from another country where they have suffered persecution or fear it.
Protocol
The accepted or established code of procedure or behavior in any group, organization, or situation.
Diplomatic Asylum
The practice of allowing an individual immunity and safe haven in the diplomatic compounds of a sovereign power.
Hegemony
The political, economic, or military predominance or control of one state over others.
Geneva Conventions
A series of international treaties and protocols that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war.
Smart Power
The combination of using both hard power and soft power strategies in foreign policy.
Normalization of Relations
The process of establishing normal diplomatic relations between two countries after a period of conflict or estrangement.
Rogue State
A nation or state regarded as breaking international law and posing a threat to the security of other nations.
Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)
A doctrine of military strategy and national security policy where a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender.
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