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Diplomatic Terms
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Ambassador
An accredited diplomat sent by a country as its official representative to a foreign country.
Proxy War
A conflict where two opposing countries or powers support combatants that serve their interests instead of waging war directly.
Statecraft
The art or skill of conducting state affairs, including the management of diplomacy, the conduct of foreign policy, and the making of strategic decisions.
Consulate
A diplomatic office in a foreign city that represents a nation, providing assistance to its citizens and issuing visas.
Extradition
The formal process by which a fugitive found in one country is surrendered to another country for trial or punishment.
Humanitarian Intervention
The intervention by a country or group of countries in another country's affairs in order to prevent or end serious and widespread violations of human rights.
Protocol
The accepted or established code of procedure or behavior in any group, organization, or situation.
Persona Non Grata
A person who is no longer welcome by the host government.
Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
An international treaty with the goal of preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and technology, promoting cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and achieving nuclear disarmament.
Intergovernmental Organization (IGO)
An organization composed primarily of sovereign states, or of other intergovernmental organizations.
Public Diplomacy
The act of engaging and informing individual foreign audiences to shape the public opinion in ways that are favorable to the origin country and its foreign policy.
Arms Control
The limitation and control of the development, testing, production, deployment, and proliferation of weapons, particularly weapons of mass destruction.
Soft Power
A persuasive approach to international relations, typically involving the use of economic or cultural influence.
Balance of Power
A situation in which nations of the world have roughly equal power, where no single nation can dominate or interfere with the interests of another.
Treaty
A formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries.
Economic Espionage
The clandestine collection of trade secrets or proprietary information about a company or nation.
Track II Diplomacy
An informal type of diplomacy conducted by non-officials or individuals outside of official government positions, aimed at conflict resolution.
Multilateralism
The principle of participating with multiple countries to address international concerns, often through international institutions like the UN.
Geneva Conventions
A series of international treaties and protocols that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war.
Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)
A doctrine of military strategy and national security policy where a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender.
Détente
A relaxation of tension between nations, as through negotiations or agreements.
Diplomatic Corps
The collective body of foreign diplomats accredited to a particular country or body.
Normalization of Relations
The process of establishing normal diplomatic relations between two countries after a period of conflict or estrangement.
Cultural Diplomacy
The use of cultural exchange to foster mutual understanding and cooperation between nations.
Smart Power
The combination of using both hard power and soft power strategies in foreign policy.
Sanctions
Penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or with rules and regulations.
Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)
A legally constituted group that operates independently from any government, typically one whose purpose is to address a social or political issue.
Supranational Organization
A type of multinational political union where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states.
Embassy
The official residence or offices of an ambassador in a foreign country.
Diplomatic Immunity
Legal immunity granted to diplomats that exempts them from local laws, allowing freedom of function without fear of coercion by the host country.
Diplomatic Recognition
The formal acknowledgment by one state of another state's existence and sovereignty.
Bilateral Agreement
An exchange agreement between two nations or trading groups that gives each party favored trade status pertaining to certain goods obtained from the signatories.
Containment
A geopolitical strategy to stop the expansion of an enemy or ideology, often associated with the American policy towards the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
Pax Americana
A term referring to the relative peace in the Western world since the end of World War II in 1945, which some people attribute partly due to the preeminence of the United States.
Nation-State
A form of political organization under which a relatively homogeneous people inhabits a sovereign state; a state containing one as opposed to several nationalities.
Sovereignty
The authority of a state to govern itself or another state.
Diplomatic Asylum
The practice of allowing an individual immunity and safe haven in the diplomatic compounds of a sovereign power.
Asylum
Protection and immunity from extradition granted by a sovereign authority to a refugee from another country where they have suffered persecution or fear it.
Rogue State
A nation or state regarded as breaking international law and posing a threat to the security of other nations.
Hegemony
The political, economic, or military predominance or control of one state over others.
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