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The replacement of one government regime with another. Context: Regime change may be the outcome of a coup, revolution, or external military intervention.

The profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations by a country's representatives abroad. Context: Diplomacy plays a crucial role in preventing conflicts and negotiating peace agreements between nations.

A formal agreement between warring parties to stop fighting, often used as a precursor to the negotiation of a peace treaty. Context: After long negotiations, the countries declared an armistice, halting military operations.

Efforts to restore friendly relations between former adversaries after a conflict. Context: Reconciliation processes can include truth commissions, reparations, and apologies to build trust among parties.

Unintentional damage or civilian casualties that are inflicted during a military operation. Context: Collateral damage is often a controversial topic due to the impact on civilian lives and infrastructure.

The use of military force to compel peace in a conflict zone, often after a ceasefire agreement has been breached. Context: Peace enforcement operations require a robust military presence to ensure compliance with peace terms.

The belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively. Context: Militarism was one of the contributing factors to the outbreak of World War I.

A formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries. Context: The Treaty of Versailles was signed after World War I to establish peace but also laid some of the groundwork for World War II.

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims. Context: Terrorism is used to sow fear and to pressure governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are usually political, religious, or ideological.

A war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued. Context: World War II is an example of total war, where the countries involved committed all of their resources to the war effort.

A series of negotiations between conflicting parties with the goal of ending hostilities and establishing peace. Context: The peace process in the Middle East between Israelis and Palestinians has been ongoing for decades.

The use of psychological tactics to destroy the enemy's morale and reduce their willingness to fight. Context: Propaganda is a common tool used in psychological warfare to influence public perception and enemy soldiers' morale.

An active revolt or uprising. Context: Insurgencies are often characterized by a rebel group fighting against an established government, using both conventional and unconventional methods.

A medium to long-range penetration aircraft designed to drop large amounts of ordnance onto a distant target for the purposes of debilitating the enemy's capacity to wage war. Context: Strategic bombers were central to the air campaign during World War II.

An area in which treaties or agreements between nations, military powers, or contending groups forbid military installations, activities, or personnel. Context: The Korean DMZ is a well-known buffer zone separating North and South Korea.

An order to suspend military action, typically called to negotiate the terms of peace or to provide humanitarian aid. Context: The United Nations called for an immediate ceasefire to allow aid workers to reach the civilians caught in the crossfire.

The deployment of international military and civilian personnel to help maintain peace and security, typically after a ceasefire or peace agreement. Context: Peacekeeping missions are often mandated by the United Nations.

The reduction or withdrawal of military forces and weapons. Context: Disarmament efforts often come after the resolution of a conflict, aiming to create a more lasting peace.

A form of irregular warfare in which small groups of combatants use military tactics, like ambushes and sabotage, to fight a larger, traditional military. Context: Guerrilla warfare was a significant element of the Vietnam War.

An economy that is organized to produce everything necessary for the survival and military support of the country during times of war. Context: A wartime economy often involves rationing, production quotas, and a focus on military manufacturing.

Domestic penalties applied by one or a group of countries against another country, group, or individual. Context: Economic sanctions are often used to influence another government's conduct by depriving it of financial resources.

The process of constructing or restructuring a national identity to unify a country. Context: Nation-building efforts can often follow the end of a conflict to create a sense of common purpose and identity.

The use of military forces by a state or group of states to end severe human rights abuses in another state. Context: Humanitarian intervention is a controversial topic with debates about its legality and morality.

Efforts to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction, especially nuclear weapons. Context: The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons aims to prevent the spread of nuclear technology for military purposes.

Grave breaches of the laws of war that subject individuals to international criminal responsibility. Context: During the international tribunals, individuals were often charged with war crimes for their actions during the conflict.

The process of resolving a dispute or conflict by meeting at least some of each party's needs and addressing their interests. Context: Conflict resolution strategies are essential in peace studies to achieve lasting peace agreements.

A conflict where two opposing countries support combatants that serve their interests instead of waging war directly. Context: The Syrian Civil War has elements of a proxy war with international powers supporting different sides.

A form of warfare that employs operations that are irregular or out of the ordinary, often including guerrilla warfare and cyber warfare. Context: Unconventional warfare has gained importance with advancements in technology and the need for non-traditional military strategies.

A strategy aimed at preventing hostile action by displaying the ability to inflict substantial harm in retaliation. Context: Nuclear deterrence relies on the promise of a retaliatory strike to prevent a nuclear attack.