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Terracing is the creation of stepped levels on sloped land to reduce soil erosion and surface runoff. This method allows for more effective water retention and supports agricultural activities on hillsides.

Phytoremediation is the use of specific plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and destroy contaminants in soil, thus improving its quality and making previously unusable land suitable for agriculture.

Afforestation involves planting trees on non-forest land to create a new forest. It improves land quality by preventing erosion, enhancing soil moisture retention, and increasing biodiversity.

Soil amendment entails the addition of materials to soil, such as compost, manure, or lime, to improve its physical properties, nutrient levels, and overall fertility for better crop growth.

Controlled drainage is the water management technique of manipulating water table levels to optimize soil moisture for agriculture while minimizing waterlogging and leaching of nutrients.