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Common Molecules in Space

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C2H2

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Acetylene, found in the atmosphere of gas giants and in the interstellar medium.

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N2O

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Nitrous Oxide, found in small amounts in the Earth's atmosphere.

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O3

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Ozone, found in the Earth's stratosphere as the ozone layer.

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HCOOH

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Formic Acid, detected in interstellar medium.

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MgCl2

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Magnesium Chloride, speculated to be found in interstellar ice and dust.

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C6H6

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Benzene, presence suggested in interstellar space.

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CaCO3

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Calcium Carbonate, found on the surfaces of rocky planets and moons.

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CH3OH

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Methanol, found in comets and the interstellar medium.

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HCl

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Hydrogen Chloride, observed in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus.

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SO2

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Sulfur Dioxide, found in volcanic gases, including those on Io, one of Jupiter's moons.

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SiO2

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Silicon Dioxide, found in dust and planetary bodies, commonly known as quartz on Earth.

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P4

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White Phosphorus, suggested by astronomers to possibly exist in stellar nurseries.

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H2O

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Water, found in comets, planets, stars, and molecular clouds.

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H2S

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Hydrogen Sulfide, found in gas giant planets and some volcanic moons.

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NaCl

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Sodium Chloride, detected in the atmospheres of some exoplanets.

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H3+

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Trihydrogen cation, found in interstellar space and in giant planet atmospheres.

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Ar

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Argon, a component of the Earth's atmosphere and found in the atmospheres of other planets

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C2H4

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Ethylene, detected in the atmospheres of gas giants and in interstellar clouds.

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Ne

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Neon, found in the atmospheres of gas giants and stars.

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HCN

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Hydrogen Cyanide, found in the interstellar medium and molecular clouds.

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NO

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Nitric Oxide, found in planetary atmospheres and interstellar medium.

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He

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Helium, second most abundant element in the observable universe, found in stars and gas giant planets.

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C2H6

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Ethane, found in atmospheres of planets like Neptune and in interstellar medium.

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CO2

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Carbon Dioxide, found in the atmospheres of planets such as Venus, Mars, and Earth.

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CO

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Carbon Monoxide, found in the atmospheres of some planets and stars, and in interstellar medium.

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KCl

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Potassium Chloride, found in some mineral deposits on Mars.

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CH4

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Methane, found on planets like Earth, and moons like Titan.

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O2

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Oxygen, a component of the Earth's atmosphere and produced by photosynthesis.

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H2

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Molecular Hydrogen, the most abundant molecule in the universe, found in stars and gas giant planets.

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FeO

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Iron(II) Oxide, present in the dust of Mars and on other planetary bodies.

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SiO

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Silicon Monoxide, found in stardust and as a part of silicate minerals in space.

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NH3

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Ammonia, found in the atmospheres of gas giants like Jupiter and in interstellar ice.

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S8

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Elemental Sulfur, can be found around sulfur-rich volcanic regions on moons and planets.

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TiO2

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Titanium Dioxide, found in the atmospheres of cool stars.

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N2

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Nitrogen, makes up the majority of the Earth's atmosphere and is found on other planets as well.

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C60

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Buckminsterfullerene, detected in space via its emissions.

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HF

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Hydrogen Fluoride, found in interstellar gas clouds.

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