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Common Molecules in Space
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H2O
Water, found in comets, planets, stars, and molecular clouds.
CO2
Carbon Dioxide, found in the atmospheres of planets such as Venus, Mars, and Earth.
NH3
Ammonia, found in the atmospheres of gas giants like Jupiter and in interstellar ice.
CH4
Methane, found on planets like Earth, and moons like Titan.
CO
Carbon Monoxide, found in the atmospheres of some planets and stars, and in interstellar medium.
O2
Oxygen, a component of the Earth's atmosphere and produced by photosynthesis.
N2
Nitrogen, makes up the majority of the Earth's atmosphere and is found on other planets as well.
SiO2
Silicon Dioxide, found in dust and planetary bodies, commonly known as quartz on Earth.
H2
Molecular Hydrogen, the most abundant molecule in the universe, found in stars and gas giant planets.
C2H6
Ethane, found in atmospheres of planets like Neptune and in interstellar medium.
H2S
Hydrogen Sulfide, found in gas giant planets and some volcanic moons.
SO2
Sulfur Dioxide, found in volcanic gases, including those on Io, one of Jupiter's moons.
HCN
Hydrogen Cyanide, found in the interstellar medium and molecular clouds.
C2H2
Acetylene, found in the atmosphere of gas giants and in the interstellar medium.
N2O
Nitrous Oxide, found in small amounts in the Earth's atmosphere.
O3
Ozone, found in the Earth's stratosphere as the ozone layer.
NO
Nitric Oxide, found in planetary atmospheres and interstellar medium.
C6H6
Benzene, presence suggested in interstellar space.
C60
Buckminsterfullerene, detected in space via its emissions.
CH3OH
Methanol, found in comets and the interstellar medium.
C2H4
Ethylene, detected in the atmospheres of gas giants and in interstellar clouds.
HCl
Hydrogen Chloride, observed in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus.
NaCl
Sodium Chloride, detected in the atmospheres of some exoplanets.
FeO
Iron(II) Oxide, present in the dust of Mars and on other planetary bodies.
SiO
Silicon Monoxide, found in stardust and as a part of silicate minerals in space.
H3+
Trihydrogen cation, found in interstellar space and in giant planet atmospheres.
P4
White Phosphorus, suggested by astronomers to possibly exist in stellar nurseries.
He
Helium, second most abundant element in the observable universe, found in stars and gas giant planets.
KCl
Potassium Chloride, found in some mineral deposits on Mars.
S8
Elemental Sulfur, can be found around sulfur-rich volcanic regions on moons and planets.
Ar
Argon, a component of the Earth's atmosphere and found in the atmospheres of other planets
Ne
Neon, found in the atmospheres of gas giants and stars.
HF
Hydrogen Fluoride, found in interstellar gas clouds.
HCOOH
Formic Acid, detected in interstellar medium.
MgCl2
Magnesium Chloride, speculated to be found in interstellar ice and dust.
TiO2
Titanium Dioxide, found in the atmospheres of cool stars.
CaCO3
Calcium Carbonate, found on the surfaces of rocky planets and moons.
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