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Common Molecules in Space
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CO2
Carbon Dioxide, found in the atmospheres of planets such as Venus, Mars, and Earth.
NaCl
Sodium Chloride, detected in the atmospheres of some exoplanets.
HCOOH
Formic Acid, detected in interstellar medium.
CaCO3
Calcium Carbonate, found on the surfaces of rocky planets and moons.
NH3
Ammonia, found in the atmospheres of gas giants like Jupiter and in interstellar ice.
SO2
Sulfur Dioxide, found in volcanic gases, including those on Io, one of Jupiter's moons.
C6H6
Benzene, presence suggested in interstellar space.
S8
Elemental Sulfur, can be found around sulfur-rich volcanic regions on moons and planets.
HF
Hydrogen Fluoride, found in interstellar gas clouds.
CH4
Methane, found on planets like Earth, and moons like Titan.
H2S
Hydrogen Sulfide, found in gas giant planets and some volcanic moons.
H3+
Trihydrogen cation, found in interstellar space and in giant planet atmospheres.
MgCl2
Magnesium Chloride, speculated to be found in interstellar ice and dust.
C60
Buckminsterfullerene, detected in space via its emissions.
Ar
Argon, a component of the Earth's atmosphere and found in the atmospheres of other planets
HCN
Hydrogen Cyanide, found in the interstellar medium and molecular clouds.
Ne
Neon, found in the atmospheres of gas giants and stars.
CH3OH
Methanol, found in comets and the interstellar medium.
TiO2
Titanium Dioxide, found in the atmospheres of cool stars.
H2O
Water, found in comets, planets, stars, and molecular clouds.
N2O
Nitrous Oxide, found in small amounts in the Earth's atmosphere.
FeO
Iron(II) Oxide, present in the dust of Mars and on other planetary bodies.
SiO
Silicon Monoxide, found in stardust and as a part of silicate minerals in space.
P4
White Phosphorus, suggested by astronomers to possibly exist in stellar nurseries.
SiO2
Silicon Dioxide, found in dust and planetary bodies, commonly known as quartz on Earth.
O3
Ozone, found in the Earth's stratosphere as the ozone layer.
HCl
Hydrogen Chloride, observed in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus.
O2
Oxygen, a component of the Earth's atmosphere and produced by photosynthesis.
C2H4
Ethylene, detected in the atmospheres of gas giants and in interstellar clouds.
NO
Nitric Oxide, found in planetary atmospheres and interstellar medium.
He
Helium, second most abundant element in the observable universe, found in stars and gas giant planets.
CO
Carbon Monoxide, found in the atmospheres of some planets and stars, and in interstellar medium.
N2
Nitrogen, makes up the majority of the Earth's atmosphere and is found on other planets as well.
KCl
Potassium Chloride, found in some mineral deposits on Mars.
H2
Molecular Hydrogen, the most abundant molecule in the universe, found in stars and gas giant planets.
C2H6
Ethane, found in atmospheres of planets like Neptune and in interstellar medium.
C2H2
Acetylene, found in the atmosphere of gas giants and in the interstellar medium.
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