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Discovered in 2007, PSR J0348+0432 is a neutron star that is notable for being in a tight orbit with a white dwarf. It's among the most massive neutron stars with a mass nearly twice that of the Sun. This system provides a strict test for the general theory of relativity due to the extreme conditions.

In 1992, PSR B1257+12 became the first neutron star discovered to have planets orbiting it. It demonstrated that planets could survive supernova explosions and orbit pulsars. This has important implications for the study of planet formation and survival under extreme conditions.

The discovery of the Hulse-Taylor Binary Pulsar in 1974 was a landmark in astrophysics. It comprises a pulsar and a neutron star orbiting each other. Their energy loss due to gravitational wave emission has been measured, confirming one of the key predictions of Einstein's general relativity, and it earned the discoverers the Nobel Prize in Physics.

PSR J1311-3430 was discovered in 2012 and is notable for being the first millisecond pulsar found through gamma-ray pulsations rather than radio ones. This binary system is characterized by the shortest orbital period known, at only 93 minutes, and suggests an evolutionary pathway for millisecond pulsars.

Discovered in 2005, PSR J1748-2446ad is known as the fastest-spinning pulsar with a rotation period of just 1.4 milliseconds. It challenges our understanding of neutron star composition and structure, as its spin rate is near the breakup speed, where centrifugal force could break the star apart.

SGR 1806-20 is a magnetar discovered in 1979, which is a highly magnetized neutron star. It became famous after releasing a massive burst of gamma rays on December 27, 2004. The energy released in the event briefly outshined the entire Milky Way galaxy, providing insight into star quakes and magnetic energy release in neutron stars.

The Vela Pulsar was found in 1968. It's a young neutron star, about 11,000 years old, and is the remnants of a supernova explosion. The pulsar is known for its strong and consistent pulsations and has a rotation period of 89 milliseconds. It is frequently studied for glitches in its rotation.

Identified in 1982, PSR B1937+21 was the first discovered millisecond pulsar, with a rotational period of just 1.6 milliseconds. Its discovery was surprising and led to the understanding that neutron stars can be spun up to high speeds through accretion of matter from a companion star.

PSR J0737-3039A/B, discovered in 2003, is a double pulsar system with two active pulsars orbiting each other. It serves as an extraordinary laboratory for testing theories of gravity and the effects of intense gravitational fields due to the unique nature of having two observable pulsars in one system.

PSR B1509-58 was discovered in 1982 and is known for producing a pulsar wind nebula that has been imaged by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The nebula is often referred to as the 'Hand of God' due to its shape. The pulsar itself has a rotation period of 150 milliseconds and is important for the study of pulsar wind nebulae.

The Crab Pulsar was discovered in 1968 in the Crab Nebula. It's the remnant of a supernova observed in 1054 AD. With a rotation period of 33 milliseconds, it's one of the most studied pulsars. The nebula's X-ray and gamma-ray emissions are largely powered by this pulsar.