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Famous Space Probes and Their Missions
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Hubble Space Telescope
Mission objectives: Observe celestial objects in visible, ultraviolet, and near-infrared wavelengths. Key discoveries: Determined the rate of expansion of the universe, contributed to the study of dark energy and dark matter.
Mars Pathfinder
Mission objectives: Demonstrate a low-cost method for delivering a set of science instruments to Mars. Key discoveries: Insights into the Martian atmosphere, climate, and geology, including possible ancient floods.
Galileo
Mission objectives: Study Jupiter and its moons. Key discoveries: First spacecraft to orbit Jupiter, found evidence of subsurface oceans on Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, and observed volcanic activity on Io.
Spirit and Opportunity Rovers
Mission objectives: Explore the surface of Mars for signs of past water activity. Key discoveries: Both found evidence of ancient wet environments that could have been suitable for supporting microbial life.
Rosetta
Mission objectives: Orbit and land a probe on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Key discoveries: First detailed images of a comet's surface, found organic compounds and evidence of water ice.
MESSENGER
Mission objectives: Orbit Mercury and gather detailed information. Key discoveries: High-quality images and data on Mercury’s geology, magnetic field, and exosphere.
Curiosity Rover
Mission objectives: Explore Gale Crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission. Key discoveries: Evidence of ancient freshwater environments, organic molecules, and fluctuating methane levels on Mars.
Cassini-Huygens
Mission objectives: Explore Saturn and its moons. Key discoveries: Detailed observations of Saturn's rings, seasonal changes on Titan, and evidence of subsurface ocean on Enceladus.
Kepler Space Telescope
Mission objectives: Discover Earth-size exoplanets in or near the habitable zones of other stars. Key discoveries: Identification of thousands of exoplanets, including some that may be similar to Earth in size and temperature.
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
Mission objectives: Study Mars' atmosphere and terrain from orbit. Key discoveries: Detection of past water flow, high-resolution images revealing details of Martian surface.
Voyager 2
Mission objectives: Explore the outer planets and beyond. Key discoveries: First spacecraft to visit Uranus and Neptune, discovered 14 new moons and the 'Great Dark Spot' on Neptune.
New Horizons
Mission objectives: Perform a flyby study of Pluto and its moons, then Kuiper Belt objects. Key discoveries: First close-up images of Pluto, evidence of ice mountains and flowing ice on Pluto.
Voyager 1
Mission objectives: Explore the outer planets and beyond. Key discoveries: Detailed images of Jupiter and Saturn, discovery of volcanoes on Jupiter's moon Io, and continue sending data from interstellar space.
Juno
Mission objectives: Understand Jupiter's formation and evolution. Key discoveries: New insights into Jupiter's atmospheric features, magnetic fields, and polar cyclones.
Parker Solar Probe
Mission objectives: Study the outer corona of the Sun. Key discoveries: Observations of the solar wind and magnetic fields, new insights into solar particle events and dust near the Sun.
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