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Purpose: To place a large, space-based observatory into orbit to gather high-resolution images of distant galaxies. Results: Provided profound insights into the universe, including the Hubble Deep Field observation.

Purpose: Demonstrate a low-cost method for delivering a set of science instruments to Mars. Results: Successful deployment of the Sojourner rover which performed various experiments on Mars surface.

Purpose: To explore the Martian surface and geology; seek signs of past life. Results: Found conditions once suitable for life on Mars; ongoing mission.

Purpose: To discover Earth-size exoplanets in or near habitable zones. Results: Confirmed 2,662 exoplanets as of its retirement in 2018.

Purpose: To trace the flow of energy and understand the heating of the solar corona and the origin and structure of the solar wind. Results: Continues to provide unprecedented close-up observations of the Sun.

Purpose: To observe X-rays from high-energy regions of the universe. Results: Captured detailed X-ray images contributing to studies of black holes, quasars, and supernovae.

Purpose: Origin exploratory missions to Jupiter and Saturn which provide the first direct observations. Results: First spacecraft to travel through the asteroid belt and make direct observation of Jupiter (Pioneer 10) and first to visit Saturn (Pioneer 11).

Purpose: To study Pluto and its moons, then make observations of Kuiper Belt objects. Results: Provided the first close-up images of Pluto and its moons, and has since been re-targeted to study additional Kuiper Belt objects.

Purpose: First manned mission to land on the Moon. Results: Successful moonwalk by astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin.

Purpose: To study Jupiter's atmosphere and moons in detail. Results: Discovered evidence of subsurface oceans on Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.

Purpose: To perform a detailed study of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and its changes as it orbits the Sun. Results: Landed the Philae probe on the comet, gathered significant data on the comet's composition.

Purpose: To measure the diffuse infrared and microwave radiation from the early universe. Results: Provided evidence supporting the Big Bang theory.

Purpose: To conduct studies of Jupiter, Saturn, and their respective moons and rings; Voyager 2 extended to Uranus and Neptune. Results: Sent back detailed images and data of outer planets, now in interstellar space.

Purpose: To study Saturn, its rings, and its moons, including landing a probe (Huygens) on Titan. Results: Discovered new rings and moons, analyzed lakes of hydrocarbons on Titan.