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Great Observatories in Space
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Planck Satellite
Year launched: 2009, Primary mission goals: To survey the cosmic microwave background at high sensitivity and resolution, Major discoveries: Detailed map of the CMB, confirming and improving upon WMAP's measurements.
Kepler Space Telescope
Year launched: 2009, Primary mission goals: To discover Earth-size exoplanets in or near the habitable zone, Major discoveries: Thousands of exoplanets, a significant number in the habitable zone.
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)
Year launched: 2001, Primary mission goals: To measure the temperature fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), Major discoveries: Precise age, composition, and curvature of the universe.
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO)
Year launched: 1991, Primary mission goals: To observe gamma rays in the universe, Major discoveries: blazars and gamma-ray bursts.
Chandra X-ray Observatory
Year launched: 1999, Primary mission goals: To observe X-rays from high-energy regions of the universe, Major discoveries: Supermassive Black Holes, dark matter, neutron stars, and the hot gas in the remnants of exploded stars.
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
Year launched: 2021, Primary mission goals: To study the formation of stars and galaxies, and the evolution of solar systems, Major discoveries: Pending as the mission is ongoing.
Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
Year launched: 1990, Primary mission goals: To capture high-resolution images of the universe visible light, near-ultraviolet, and near-infrared spectra, Major discoveries: Expanding Universe acceleration, age of the universe, exoplanets atmosphere, and detailed images of distant galaxies.
GALEX (Galaxy Evolution Explorer)
Year launched: 2003, Primary mission goals: To observe galaxies in ultraviolet wavebands to measure their distance and the rate of star formation, Major discoveries: Star formation in galaxies over the last 10 billion years, extended UV discs in galaxies.
Spitzer Space Telescope
Year launched: 2003, Primary mission goals: To study the universe in the infrared light, Major discoveries: Detailed mapping of star fields, direct imaging of exoplanets, and studying the very distant and very cold universe.
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Year launched: 2008, Primary mission goals: To study gamma-ray sources in the universe, Major discoveries: Gamma-ray bursts, pulsars, and active galactic nuclei.
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