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The convective zone is a region of the Sun where energy is transported outward by convection. Hot plasma rises, cools as it loses heat, then falls back to reheat and continue the cycle. It extends from about 200,000 kilometers below the surface to the photosphere.

The corona is the outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere, extending millions of kilometers into space. It has an extremely high temperature of one to three million degrees Celsius and is visible during a total solar eclipse.

The radiative zone of the Sun is located between the core and the convective zone, where energy is transported by radiation. Photons can take millions of years to pass through this zone. It extends from about 70% of the Sun's radius to the edge of the convective zone.

The core is the innermost layer of the Sun where nuclear fusion occurs, producing vast amounts of energy. The temperature here exceeds 15 million degrees Celsius. This energy production is critical for the sustenance of the Sun's luminosity and heat.

The chromosphere is the second layer of the Sun's atmosphere just above the photosphere. It is characterized by a reddish glow as seen during solar eclipses, with temperatures ranging from 4,500 to 25,000 degrees Celsius.