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Space Weather Phenomena
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Geomagnetic Storms
Causes auroras, satellite malfunctions, and power grid failures; results from interactions between solar wind and Earth's magnetic field
Ionospheric Disturbances
Disrupts radio communications and GPS signals; usually caused by X-rays and UV radiation from solar flares
Solar Flares
Can disrupt communications and navigation systems; caused by magnetic energy stored in the Sun's atmosphere that is suddenly released
Galactic Cosmic Rays
Increased radiation risks, affects space electronics; caused by high-energy particles from outside the solar system
Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs)
May cause geomagnetic storms; caused by large expulsions of plasma and magnetic field from the Sun's corona
Solar Radiation Storms
Danger to astronauts, can affect aircraft passengers; caused by the acceleration of protons by solar flare and CME shocks
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