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Key Financial Ratios

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Return on Assets (ROA)

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Formula: Net IncomeAverage Total Assets\frac{\text{Net Income}}{\text{Average Total Assets}} \n Application: Measures how efficiently a bank uses its assets to generate profit.

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Return on Equity (ROE)

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Formula: Net IncomeShareholder’s Equity\frac{\text{Net Income}}{\text{Shareholder's Equity}} \n Application: Indicates the profitability of a bank by showing how much profit is generated with the money shareholders have invested.

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Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR)

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Formula: Total LoansTotal Deposits\frac{\text{Total Loans}}{\text{Total Deposits}} \n Application: Evaluates a bank's liquidity by comparing its total loans to total deposits.

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Net Interest Margin (NIM)

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Formula: Net Interest IncomeAverage Earning Assets\frac{\text{Net Interest Income}}{\text{Average Earning Assets}} \n Application: Measures the difference between the interest income generated and the amount of interest paid out to lenders, relative to the amount of earning assets.

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Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)

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Formula: Tier 1 Capital+Tier 2 CapitalRisk-Weighted Assets\frac{\text{Tier 1 Capital} + \text{Tier 2 Capital}}{\text{Risk-Weighted Assets}} \n Application: Ensures that banks have enough capital to absorb a reasonable amount of loss and complies with regulatory requirements.

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Non-Performing Loan Ratio (NPL Ratio)

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Formula: Non-Performing LoansTotal Loans\frac{\text{Non-Performing Loans}}{\text{Total Loans}} \n Application: Indicates the level of loans in default or close to being in default, assesses the quality of the loan portfolio.

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Debt to Equity Ratio (D/E)

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Formula: Total LiabilitiesTotal Shareholder Equity\frac{\text{Total Liabilities}}{\text{Total Shareholder Equity}} \n Application: Represents the proportion of equity and debt a company uses to finance its assets, informing about leverage and risk.

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Efficiency Ratio

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Formula: Non-Interest ExpensesNet Revenue\frac{\text{Non-Interest Expenses}}{\text{Net Revenue}} \n Application: Measures a bank's overhead as a percentage of its revenue, indicating its efficiency in generating revenue with minimal expenses.

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Tier 1 Leverage Ratio

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Formula: Tier 1 CapitalTotal Average Assets\frac{\text{Tier 1 Capital}}{\text{Total Average Assets}} \n Application: Assesses a bank's core capital against its total assets, gauging bank stability and strength.

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Net Charge-Off Rate

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Formula: Net Charge-OffsTotal Loans\frac{\text{Net Charge-Offs}}{\text{Total Loans}} \n Application: Shows the dollar amount of loans written off as uncollectible relative to the total loan portfolio, revealing credit loss experience.

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Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR)

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Formula: High-Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA)Total Net Cash Outflows over 30 days\frac{\text{High-Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA)}}{\text{Total Net Cash Outflows over 30 days}} \n Application: Ensures that banks have enough high-quality liquid assets to survive a significant stress scenario lasting 30 days.

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Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR)

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Formula: Available Stable Funding (ASF)Required Stable Funding (RSF)\frac{\text{Available Stable Funding (ASF)}}{\text{Required Stable Funding (RSF)}} \n Application: Aims to promote funding stability by encouraging banks to fund their activities with more stable sources of funding.

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Cost of Funds

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Formula: Interest PaidTotal Deposits\frac{\text{Interest Paid}}{\text{Total Deposits}} \n Application: Measures the interest rate paid by financial institutions for the deposits held and other borrowed funds.

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Asset Utilization Ratio

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Formula: Total RevenueAverage Total Assets\frac{\text{Total Revenue}}{\text{Average Total Assets}} \n Application: Assesses how efficiently a bank is able to generate revenue from its assets.

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Interest Coverage Ratio

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Formula: Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT)Interest Expense\frac{\text{Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT)}}{\text{Interest Expense}} \n Application: Determines how comfortably a bank can pay the interest on its outstanding debt with its current earnings.

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